Chenopodiaceae is one of the most important families in arid and saline environments. Several studies have observed the mycorrhizal structure in Chenopodiaceae plants (i.e., chenopods), but the mycorrhizal colonization status of chenopods in saline habitats and the influencing factors are still not well understood. The mycorrhizal colonization of twenty chenopod species in three different saline habitats (a saline alkaline meadow in the Songnen Plain of northeastern China, a saline desert in the Junggar Basin of northwestern China, and a saline alpine meadow in the Tibetan Plateau of western China) and the chenopod-associated environmental factors (including soil moisture, soil available phosphorous (P) concentration, pH, and salt content) were analyzed. Our results showed that approximately 60% of the studied chenopods were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi with a colonization percentage ranging from 5% to 33%. Structural analysis of mycorrhizal association indicated that vesicles were quite common, while arbuscules and hyphal coils were relatively rare. In addition, a positive correlation between mycorrhizal colonization rate and soil electrical conductivity (r=0.920, P<0.01) and two negative correlations of mycorrhizal colonization rates with soil moisture (r=-0.818, P<0.01) and the soil available P concentration (r=-0.876, P<0.01) confirmed that mycorrhizal colonization rate in the roots of chenopods was environment-dependent.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a key role in plant growth and survival; however, the influence of AMF on the growth and production of Suaedoideae species is still not well understood. The object of this study was to understand the mechanism of AMF that affects the growth of Suaedoideae species under different saline conditions. The result showed that the Suaedoideae species Suaeda physophora was colonized by the AMF species Glomus etunicatum (Ge) and Glomus mosseae (Gm). AMF significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in S. physophora and reduced the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H 2 O 2 in the leaves of S. physophora under salt stress. AMF also improved the aboveground biomass of S. physophora and significantly increased its seed numbers. Moreover, AMF increased the aboveground phosphorus (P) content of S. physophora. No significant difference between the effect of AMF species Ge and Gm on S. physophora growth was observed. These results suggest that AMF can increase the salt resistance of the Suaedoideae species S. physophora by increasing SOD and POD activities, reducing MDA and H 2 O 2 concentrations and increasing P uptake. The results highlight that AMF might play an important role in S. physophora growth and population survival under harsh salt conditions.
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