Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve the Antioxidative Response and the Seed Production of Suaedoideae Species Suaeda physophora Pall Under Salt Stress

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a key role in plant growth and survival; however, the influence of AMF on the growth and production of Suaedoideae species is still not well understood. The object of this study was to understand the mechanism of AMF that affects the growth of Suaedoideae species under different saline conditions. The result showed that the Suaedoideae species Suaeda physophora was colonized by the AMF species Glomus etunicatum (Ge) and Glomus mosseae (Gm). AMF significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in S. physophora and reduced the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H 2 O 2 in the leaves of S. physophora under salt stress. AMF also improved the aboveground biomass of S. physophora and significantly increased its seed numbers. Moreover, AMF increased the aboveground phosphorus (P) content of S. physophora. No significant difference between the effect of AMF species Ge and Gm on S. physophora growth was observed. These results suggest that AMF can increase the salt resistance of the Suaedoideae species S. physophora by increasing SOD and POD activities, reducing MDA and H 2 O 2 concentrations and increasing P uptake. The results highlight that AMF might play an important role in S. physophora growth and population survival under harsh salt conditions.

Do halophytes and glycophytes differ in their interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under salt stress? A meta-analysis

“…4b, c, 5c). These results are in accordance with previous studies (Estrada et al 2013a;He et al 2007;Yang et al 2016), and demonstrate the mechanisms by which AMF can induce enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants to alleviate oxidative damage and stabilize membrane (Evelin et al 2009;Latef and Miransari 2014).…”

“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial below-ground microbes that form symbiotic relationships with over 80% terrestrial plant species, including halophytes and glycophytes (Avis et al 2008;Estrada et al 2013b;Evelin et al 2009). AMF can improve the growth performance and salinity tolerance of host plants by mediating critical physiological processes, such as facilitating water and nutrient uptake (Alkaraki 2000;Balliu et al 2015;Chen et al 2017;Mohammad et al 2003;Zuccarini 2007), maintaining ion balance (Garg and Bhandari 2016), protecting cells from oxidative damage (He et al 2007;Yang et al 2016), and increasing photosynthetic ability (Chen et al 2017;Estrada et al 2013b;Sheng et al 2008). As salt-sensitive crops are closely related to people's lives and affect food safety, studies about AMF inoculation under salt stress have mainly concentrated on glycophytic crops, such as maize (Estrada et al 2013a;Liu et al 2016;Sheng et al 2008;Wu et al 2005;Zhang et al 2018), wheat (Liu 2016;Mardukhi et al 2011;Talaat and Shawky 2011), tomato (Balliu et al 2015;He and Huang 2013;Khalloufi et al 2017;Ouziad et al 2006), and pepper (Hegazi et al 2017;Kaya et al 2009;Turkmen et al 2008), and so forth.…”

Increased Soil Fertility in Tea Gardens Leads to Declines in Fungal Diversity and Complexity in Subsoils

“…The output was analyzed using an internally developed Python program that assigns taxonomic information to each sequence and then computes and writes the final analysis files. Fungal OTUs were assigned to functional groups by comparison to the FUNGuild 1.0 database [38,39]. Assignment to functional guilds was conducted at the genus level, and only assignments with confidence levels of "highly probable" or "probable" were retained for analyses.…”