2-Alkynylbenzaldoxime as a versatile building block has been applied widely for the construction of N-heterocycles in organic synthesis. Since it could be easily transferred to isoquinoline N-oxide via intramolecular 6-endo cyclization in the presence of metal catalysts or electrophiles, the subsequent [3 + 2] cycloaddition/nucleophilic addition and rearrangement could be expected. On the other hand, a Beckmann rearrangement could occur first since an oxime moiety is present in the molecule, which would then undergo an intramolecular cyclization to furnish nitrogen-containing heterocycles. This review reports the recent advancement in the generation of N-heterocycles starting from 2-alkynylbenzaldoximes via tandem reactions based on different reaction types.

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The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of Bushen recipe and its disassembled prescriptions on liver injury and chronic hepatitis B. Liver injury was induced in normal and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transgenic mice through injection of Concanavalin A, followed by treatment with Bushen recipe and its disassembled prescriptions including the Bushen-yang, the Bushen-yin and the QingHua groups as well as the GanYanLing group (positive control). Subsequently, their liver function indexes were investigated by a microplate method and liver sections were blindly evaluated using an optical microscope by a pathologist. Subsequently, the activation state of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/9 signaling pathway in liver tissues was analyzed by western blotting. Additionally, the inflammatory factors produced following liver injury in peripheral blood were detected via ELISA. Following intervention with the Bushen recipe and its disassembled prescriptions, the liver function indexe alanine aminotransferase had declined, whereas cholinesterase increased. The pathological alterations of liver tissue in HBV transgenic mice were reversed by Bushen recipe and its disassembled prescriptions. In addition, the TLR3/9 signaling pathway in liver tissues of HBV transgenic mice was inhibited and inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were reduced significantly.In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that Bushen recipe and its disassembled prescriptions repaired liver injury induced by Concanavalin A through inhibition of TLR3/9 signaling pathway.