Bushen recipe and its disassembled prescriptions inhibit inflammation of liver injury associated with Concanavalin A through Toll‑like receptor 3/9 signaling pathway

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of Bushen recipe and its disassembled prescriptions on liver injury and chronic hepatitis B. Liver injury was induced in normal and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transgenic mice through injection of Concanavalin A, followed by treatment with Bushen recipe and its disassembled prescriptions including the Bushen-yang, the Bushen-yin and the QingHua groups as well as the GanYanLing group (positive control). Subsequently, their liver function indexes were investigated by a microplate method and liver sections were blindly evaluated using an optical microscope by a pathologist. Subsequently, the activation state of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/9 signaling pathway in liver tissues was analyzed by western blotting. Additionally, the inflammatory factors produced following liver injury in peripheral blood were detected via ELISA. Following intervention with the Bushen recipe and its disassembled prescriptions, the liver function indexe alanine aminotransferase had declined, whereas cholinesterase increased. The pathological alterations of liver tissue in HBV transgenic mice were reversed by Bushen recipe and its disassembled prescriptions. In addition, the TLR3/9 signaling pathway in liver tissues of HBV transgenic mice was inhibited and inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were reduced significantly.In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that Bushen recipe and its disassembled prescriptions repaired liver injury induced by Concanavalin A through inhibition of TLR3/9 signaling pathway.

Preventive Effect of Gonggan (Citrus Reticulata Blanco Var. Gonggan) Peel Extract on Ethanol/HCl-Induced Gastric Injury in Mice via an Anti-oxidative Mechanism

“…The equivalent dose ratio was obtained between humans and animals based on body surface area. The conversion factor between mouse (20 g) and human (70 kg) is 0.0026 ( Nie et al, 2018 ). At the same time, the content of flavonoids in GPE was 16% by HPLC.…”

The Role of Serotonin in Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

“…As one of the earliest discovered pattern recognition receptors, TLRs are involved in inflammatory response and NF-κB activation [28,31]. Moreover, Con A stimulates the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 and downstream pathways in liver tissue, resulting in the release of numerous proinflammatory factors [12,13].…”

“…As one of the earliest identified pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been widely studied and are involved in the regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic responses [11]. Previous studies have shown that Con A can stimulate the expression of TLRs and downstream pathways in liver tissue, leading to the initiation of inflammatory response [12,13]. After binding ligand, TLRs stimulate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and trigger the release of various inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) [11,14].…”