We demonstrate a rational fabrication of hierarchical treated rape pollen as metal-free catalyst for visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

The primary clinical and radiographic efficacies of both ROI-C and cages with plates in ACDF for MCSM were satisfactory; both approaches could improve and maintain cervical lordosis and disk height. However, the ROI-C was associated with a simpler operation, a shorter operation time, less blood loss, and a lower risk of postoperative dysphagia compared to the PEEK cage with an anterior plate.

Purpose Endotype in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been established in the last decade. However, the exact immunologic profile of CRS still has controversy because it has a considerable immunologic heterogeneity. Therefore, we investigated various inflammatory mediators according to different nasal tissues in chronic rhinosinusitis and compared them within the same subject. Methods We collected uncinate process mucosa (UP) and nasal polyp (NP) tissues from controls, CRS without NP (CRSsNP) and CRS with NP (CRSwNP). Expression levels of 28 inflammatory mediators including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, proinflammatory cytokines and remodeling markers were determined by multiplex immunoassay and were analyzed using paired tests as well as principal component analysis (PCA) to investigate endotype in each subtype of CRS. Results Signature inflammatory mediators are interleukin (IL)-5, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)-24, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-4, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in eosinophilic NP, whereas IL-17A, IL-1β, and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 were detected as signature inflammatory markers in non-eosinophilic NP. Despite differences in inflammatory cytokine profile between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic NP, the common upregulation of IL-5, CCL-11, IL-23, IL-2Rα, VCAM-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were shown in NP compared to UP within the same subject. In the PCA, we observed that Th2 immune response was helpful in discriminating between nasal tissues in subtypes of CRS and that there was a partial overlap between non-eosinophilic NP and eosinophilic NP in terms of Th2 mediators. Conclusions Commonly upregulated mediators in NP were Th2-associated, compared with UP regardless of CRS subtypes, whereas signature markers were distinct in each NP subtype. These findings imply that Th2 inflammatory responses may play a role in the development of NP regardless of CRSwNP subtypes.

A novel and efficient 3D biohybrid photocatalyst, defective MoS2 nanosheets encapsulated carbonized rape pollen, was fabricated and applied to water disinfection. The rape pollen-MoS2 (PM) biohybrid showed excellent dispersibility, high stability, and efficient charge-carrier separation and migration ability, resulting in the highly enhanced photocatalytic inactivation performance toward various waterborne bacteria under different light sources. The inactivation mechanisms were systematically investigated. Reactive species (RSs), including electrons, holes, and reactive oxygen species (•O2 – and •OH), played major roles in inactivating bacteria. The antioxidant system of bacteria exhibited a self-protection capacity by eliminating the photogenerated RSs from PM biohybrid at the early stage of inactivation. With the accumulation of RSs, the cell membrane and membrane-associated functions were destroyed, as suggested by the collapse of cell envelope and subsequent loss of cell respiration and ATP synthesis capacity. The microscopic images further confirmed the destruction of the bacterial membrane. After losing the membrane barrier, the oxidation of cytoplasmic proteins and lipids caused by invaded RSs occurred readily. Finally, the leakage of DNA and RNA announced the irreversible death of bacteria. These results indicated that the bacterial inactivation began with the membrane rupture, followed by the oxidation and leakage of intracellular substances. This work not only provided a new insight into the combination of semiconductors with earth-abundant biomaterials for fabricating high-performance photocatalysts, but also revealed the underlying mechanisms of photocatalytic bacterial inactivation in depth.

Background-Timothy syndrome (TS) is a rare long-QT syndrome caused by CACNA1C mutations G406R in exon 8A(TS1) and G402S/G406R in exon 8 (TS2). Management of TS is a challenge and prognosis is poor. This study aimed to explore the inheritance pattern and mechanism of an I Na blocker, mexiletine, to improve clinical manifestations in TS. Methods and Results-A 2-year-old Chinese girl with a typical TS1 phenotype underwent candidate gene screening.Qualitative and quantitative cloning sequence and analyses for mosaicism were performed on family members. Therapeutic effects of mexiletine were evaluated using ECG and Holter monitoring. The electrophysiological effect of mexiletine was evaluated in a TS model using rabbit ventricular wedges. The proband with severe syndactyly and delayed language skills was identified harboring a G406R mutation in CACNA1C. Her baseline ECG showed markedly prolonged QTc, 2:1 AV block and macro-T wave alternans. G406R was absent in her mother but expressed in her father's oral mucosa, sperm, and white blood cells, indicating a mosaic carrier. Although asymptomatic, he exhibited mild QTc prolongation (470-490 ms) and syndactyly. Mexiletine shortened QTc from 584 to 515 ms, blunted QT-RR relationship, and abolished 2:1 AV block and T wave alternans in the girl. In in vitro studies, mexiletine inhibited late I Na with IC 50 of 17.6±1.9 µmol/L and attenuated brady-dependent QT prolongation and reduced QT-RR slope in the TS model using BayK 8644. Conclusions-Mexiletine shortened QTc, attenuated QT-RR slope, abolished 2:1 AV block and T wave alternans in a TS1 patient and TS model via inhibition of late I Na . (Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013;6:614-622.)Key Words: atrioventricular block ◼ late sodium current ◼ LQT8 ◼ mexiletine ◼ T wave alternans ◼ Timothy syndrome

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Defect engineering is crucial in tailoring photocatalytic efficiency, but it suffers from uncertainty in determining the vacancy type and in which type of the vacancy can better promote the photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, Bi2S3 nanorods with bismuth or sulfur vacancies were synthesized to investigate their distinct effects on the electronic structure, electron–hole separation characteristics, and near‐infrared (NIR)‐driven photocatalytic bacterial inactivation activity. Both bismuth and sulfur vacancies can enhance the light absorption ability of Bi2S3. However, the lifetime of photoinduced electrons is extended by bismuth vacancies but shortened by sulfur vacancies. Owing to these tendencies, Bi2S3 with Bi vacancies fully inactivated 7 log E. coli cells within 40 min of NIR irradiation, displaying better NIR‐driven photocatalytic bacterial inactivation efficiency than Bi2S3 with S vacancies. This study discloses the defect‐type‐dependent photocatalytic behaviors, providing new insights into designing highly efficient photocatalysts.

Wenxin Keli suppressed EADs, DADs, and triggered ventricular arrhythmias via selective inhibition of late INa.