Direct injection of cell-laden hydrogels shows high potential for tissue regeneration in translational therapy. The traditional cell-laden hydrogels are often used as bulk space fillers to tissue defects after injection, likely limiting their structural controllability. On the other hand, patterned cell-laden hydrogel constructs often necessitate invasive surgical procedures. To overcome these problems, herein, a unique strategy is reported for encapsulating living human cells in a pore-forming gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioink to ultimately produce injectable hierarchically macro-micro-nanoporous cellladen GelMA hydrogel constructs through 3D extrusion bioprinting. The hydrogel constructs can be fabricated into various shapes and sizes that are defect-specific. Due to the hierarchically macro-micro-nanoporous structures, the cell-laden hydrogel constructs can readily recover to their original shapes, and sustain high cell viability, proliferation, spreading, and differentiation after compression and injection. In addition, in vivo studies further reveal that the hydrogel constructs can integrate well with the surrounding host tissues. These findings suggest that the unique 3D-bioprinted pore-forming GelMA hydrogel constructs are promising candidates for applications in minimally invasive tissue regeneration and cell therapy.

Bilirubin is the end product of heme catabolism by heme oxygenases. The inducible form of these enzymes is heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is the rate-limiting enzyme that can degrade heme into equimolar quantities of carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and free iron. Biliverdin is very rapidly converted to bilirubin by the enzyme biliverdin reductase, and free iron upregulates the expression of ferritin. HO-1 is a ubiquitous stress protein and is induced in many cell types by various stimuli. Induced HO-1 exerts antiinflammatory effects and modulates apoptosis. Expression of HO-1 in vivo suppresses the inflammatory responses in endotoxic shock, hyperoxia, acute pleurisy, and organ transplantation, as well as ischemia-reperfusion injury, and thereby provides salutary effects in these conditions. Accumulating evidence indicates that biliverdin/bilirubin can mediate the protective effects of HO-1 in many disease models, such as IRI and organ transplantation, via its antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, antiproliferative, and antioxidant properties, as well as its effects on the immune response. This review attempts to summarize these protective roles as well as the molecular mechanisms by which biliverdin/bilirubin benefit IRI and solid-organ transplantation, including chronic rejection, and islet transplantation.

Crowd counting from unconstrained scene images is a crucial task in many real-world applications like urban surveillance and management, but it is greatly challenged by the camera's perspective that causes huge appearance variations in people's scales and rotations. Conventional methods address such challenges by resorting to fixed multi-scale architectures that are often unable to cover the largely varied scales while ignoring the rotation variations. In this paper, we propose a unified neural network framework, named Deep Recurrent SpatialAware Network, which adaptively addresses the two issues in a learnable spatial transform module with a region-wise refinement process. Specifically, our framework incorporates a Recurrent SpatialAware Refinement (RSAR) module iteratively conducting two components: i) a Spatial Transformer Network that dynamically locates an attentional region from the crowd density map and transforms it to the suitable scale and rotation for optimal crowd estimation; ii) a Local Refinement Network that refines the density map of the attended region with residual learning. Extensive experiments on four challenging benchmarks show the effectiveness of our approach. Specifically, comparing with the existing best-performing methods, we achieve an improvement of 12% on the largest dataset WorldExpo'10 and 22.8% on the most challenging dataset UCF CC 50.

These authors contributed equally to this work. SUMMARYLow temperature (LT) is one of the most prevalent factors limiting the productivity and geographical distribution of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Although significant progress has been made in elucidating the effect of LT on seed germination and reproductive development in rice, the genetic component affecting vegetative growth under LT remains poorly understood. Here, we report that rice cultivars harboring the dominant LTG1 (Low Temperature Growth 1) allele are more tolerant to LT (15-25°C, a temperature range prevalent in high-altitude, temperate zones and high-latitude areas), than those with the ltg1 allele. Using a map-based cloning strategy, we show that LTG1 encodes a casein kinase I. A functional nucleotide polymorphism was identified in the coding region of LTG1, causing a single amino acid substitution (I357K) that is associated with the growth rate, heading date and yield of rice plants grown at LT. We present evidence that LTG1 affects rice growth at LT via an auxin-dependent process(es). Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of this locus suggests that the ltg1 haplotype arose before the domestication of rice in tropical climates. Together, our data demonstrate that LTG1 plays an important role in the adaptive growth and fitness of rice cultivars under conditions of low ambient temperature.

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With the assistance of an ink-jet printer, solvent (the "ink") can be controllably and reproducibly printed onto electrospun nanofiber meshes (the "paper") to generate various micropatterns and subsequently guide distinct cellular organization and phenotype expression. In combination with the nanofiber-assisted layer-by-layer cell assembly, the patterned electrospun meshes will define an instructive microenvironment for guided tissue formation.

[1] Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes were measured in hyper-eutrophic Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu by the static chamber method for two years. The lake was an important source of atmospheric N 2 O. Large temporal variations were recorded for N 2 O fluxes, ranging from À278 to 2101 mg N 2 O m À2 h À1 in the littoral zone and from À177 to 164 mg N 2 O m À2 h À1 in the pelagic zone, with the highest N 2 O emissions observed during the algal bloom. Wide spatial variation in N 2 O fluxes occurred in the littoral zone responding to water-sediment variables, while such variation was not found in the pelagic zone. In the infralittoral zone, the redox condition, temperature and nitrogen (N) sources controlled the N 2 O fluxes, whereas the influences of these parameters on N 2 O fluxes were weak in the pelagic zone. This difference indicated that N cycling was more intensive in the littoral zone than in the pelagic zone. A multiple linear regression model against principal components indicated that water-column denitrification and the carbon (C) and N contents of the sediment affected the N 2 O exchange in the infralittoral zone. Water-column inorganic N content affected the consumption of atmospheric N 2 O significantly in both zones.