To increase the cutting efficiency for castor stem, the castor harvester cutting device was developed. The structure of the disc cutting device was designed. Cutting blade angle, sufficient working and minor cutting edge lengths were determined, which were 20°, 73 mm and 19.8 mm, respectively. The finite element model of disc cutter for castor stem was established. The incision volume was selected as the cutting performance evaluation index. The cutting process of the cutter was simulated. The results show that the cutting performance of the trapezoidal cutter is preferable to that of the rectangular and the curved cutters. When cutting blade cuts the stem, the volume of the incision decreases first and then increases, and the size of the incision increases with the increase of cutting edge angle. When the blade angle is 10°, the cutter has the ideal cutting quality. Considering the blade angle, the slip angle, and the angle of the cutter head as factors, the virtual test of the cutter was made with the incision volume as the index. The response surface analysis was used to obtain the cutter structure parameters when the incision volume was the least. The result for the blade, slip and cutter head inclination angles are 14.06°, 19.93°, and 10.54°, respectively. The cutting efficiency evaluation index (one-time cutting) was established to optimize the cutter running parameters. The results show that when the cutter moving speed was 1.011 m/s and the cutter rotation speed was 282.0 r/min, the maximum cutting efficiency is 2.25 castor stems/s.
The shelling stress of the castor capsule is difficult to obtain by experiments, which is vital for the design of the key components for the shelling machine. The stress analysis of the shelling process of the castor capsule is carried out. In this study, the typical variety castor Tongbi 11 is taken as the research object, and the model of castor shelling is established. The stress and rate of shelling removal of the inner drum are analysed. The effects of size optimization on the shelling results were analysed. The shelling machine was designed for the experiment. In the condition of the highest rate of shelling, the size of the outer drum is maintained, and the inner drum angle is 4.5. The length of the drum is 605mm. At this time, the shelling rate is 96.42 %, which is 0.39 % different from the fitting value. This study provides theoretical support for the design and parameter optimization of the castor shelling machine and its key components.
Castor is an important oil crop. Impact damage is critical in the process of castor capsule shelling, directly affecting the shelling effect of castor seeds. An experiment was taken to investigate it. To study the damage degree of castor capsule under the impact, water content, impact height, and impact angle were taken as test factors, and the maximum impact force and normal deformation were taken as test indexes. The combination optimization was carried out through the multi-objective genetic algorithm. The results show that the impact height has a significant effect on the maximum deformation (p<=0.01), and the water content and impact angle have a significant impact on the impact force (p<=0.05). The height and angle have a significant impact on the deformation (p<=0.01), and the water content has a significant impact on the deformation (p<=0.05).
To study the types of mechanical damage for castor seeds and their effects on germination, the image processing method was applied to detect the damage affecting germination. Two typical varieties of castor were selected for test. The type of mechanical damage of castor seeds was taken as the factor, the germination rate and germination vigor index were selected as indicators for one-way analysis of variance. The effects of mechanical damage on the germination of castor seeds were analyzed. Different algorithms were applied to extract the features of cracks and seed shell missing, and the corresponding defect parameters were calculated. The results showed that the effects of mechanical damage on the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of castor seeds were significant. The endosperm damage seriously affected the activity of castor seeds and seriously hindered seed germination. According to the analysis of the shell, some castor seeds cracked or there was incomplete shell damage at the same time, the internal endosperm being also damaged. The actual crack length was compared with the length measured by the ultra-depth of field microscope, which found that the margin of error was about 25% and the better error was 10%. Through the morphological processing, it could completely extract the characteristics of castor seed image without seed shells. The error between the extracted feature area and the measured object area function of the super depth of field microscope is about 10%.
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