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Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy combined with multivariable analysis was employed to discriminate structural component of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Xihe River, an urban river, located in western Shenyang City of China, and to reveal its correlation with water quality. Eight water samples were collected along the river across the centralized wastewater-discharge region and the dispersed wastewater-discharge region. Water quality had deeply deteriorated in the river. Based on DOM fluorescence spectroscopic properties, DOM was composed of tyrosine-like, tryptophan-like, soluble microbial by-product-like, fulvic-like and humic-like materials, among which protein-like material was dominant in the DOM fractions. The DOM in the centralized wastewater-discharge region had a lower level of aromaticity than that in the dispersed wastewaterdischarge region, and its humification degree was lower than that in the latter too. Key factors for the trophic state contained NH 4 -N, DO, DOC, TP, U 2,n and U 4,n by multivariable analysis. DOM was mainly derived from treated and untreated industrial wastewater with weak biodegradability.

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The English version of the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) was translated into simplified Chinese (CQOLC-C), following cultural translation, back-translation and pretest steps. Three hundred and sixty one cancer caregivers participated in this study. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess CQOLC-C reliability. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) was used to generate two models of the measure’s factor structure, and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to test each model, such that the best model to explain the latent structure of the CQOLC-C was identified. EFA using different factor extraction methods yielded two models including four and eight factors. According to the CFA results, model 2 was better fit for the original study data, based on the RMSEA criterion [0.058(90% CI = 0.051-0.065)], χ2 (531) = 853.92, p < 0.0001; CFI (0.96), NNFI (0.96), IFI (0.97), and NFI (0.92). We also examined the effect of removing three items on the CQOLC-C factor structure and discuss the resulting differences from other versions. These results indicate that the CQOLC-C’s factor structure does not fully fit the original theorized model. This study provides preliminary support for further use of the CQOLC-C. However, the present work provides only partial support for the relevance and construct validity of the scale for Chinese caregivers.

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