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BackgroundDysregulation of miR-9 is a common feature of many types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, whether the expression level of serum miR-9 is changed in patients with OSCC remains unknown.Material/MethodsQuantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the expression level of serum miR-9 in OSCC patients, oral leukoplakia (OLK) patients, and healthy volunteers, then we evaluated the association between serum miR-9 expression level and clinical outcome of OSCC patients.ResultsThe expression level of serum miR-9 was significantly downregulated in patients with OSCC or OLK in comparison with healthy controls (P<0.01). Serum miR-9 expression level was associated with various clinicopathological parameters, including T stage (P=0.013), lymph node metastasis (P=0.002), and TNM stage (P=0.007). In addition, the OSCC patients in the low serum miR-9 expression group had poorer overall survival rate (P=0.022) and disease-free survival rate (P=0.004) compared with those in the high serum miR-9 expression group. Multivariate analysis showed that serum miR-9 was an independent prognostic factor for OSCC.ConclusionsSerum miR-9 was downregulated in patients with OSCC and patients with OLK. In addition, low serum miR-9 was correlated with poor prognosis of OSCC, indicating miR-9 might play a tumor suppressive role in OSCC and can serve as a promising biomarker for this deadly disease.

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For the treatment of pediatric AF, we recommend complete tumor resection. As for the involved mandible, preserving the mandible contour and continuity as much as possible and providing adjunctive therapy, such as cryotherapy or cauterization, are vital. RT is not recommended.