BackgroundMalocclusion is a common disease of oral and maxillofacial region. The study was aimed to investigate levels changes of periodontal pathogens in malocclusion patients before, during and after orthodontic treatments, and to confirm the difference between adults and children.MethodOne hundred and eight malocclusion patients (46 adults and 62 children at the school-age) were randomly selected and received orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Subgingival plaques were Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) and Tannerella forsythensis (T. forsythensis) collected from the observed regions before and after treatment. Clinical indexes, including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) of observed teeth were examined.ResultsThe detection rates of P.gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia and T. forsythensis increased from baseline to the third month without significant difference, and then returned to pretreatment levels 12 month after applying fixed orthodontic appliances. Adults’ percentage contents of P.gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia and T. forsythensis were significantly higher than those of children at baseline and the first month, but not obvious at the third month. PLI and SBI were increased from baseline to the first and to the third month both in adults and children groups. Besides, PD were increased from baseline to first month, followed by a downward trend in the third month; however, all patients were failed to detect with AL.ConclusionsPeriodontal and microbiological statuses of malocclusion patients may be influenced by fixed orthodontic appliances in both adults and children, more significant in children than in adults. Some microbiological indexes have synchronous trend with the clinical indexes. Long-term efficacy of fixed orthodontic appliances for malocclusion should be confirmed by future researches.

Resistance to black rot caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris was studied in Brassica oleracea, B. campestris, and B. napus. Two accessions of B. napus, PI 199947 and PI 199949, exhibited the highest resistance so far found in cultivated Brassica spp. In B. napus, the high level of resistance was conferred by one dominant gene. In B. campestris, two Chinese cabbage accessions showed quantitative inheritance for moderate levels of resistance. Resistance was transferred to B. campestris from B. napus, but a unilateral incongruity was observed for black rot and morphology, but not for stem color or bolting. The bridge line 15 was used to transfer resistance to B. oleracea.

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LncRNAs play critical roles in various pathophysiological and biological processes, such as protein translation, RNA splicing, and epigenetic modification. Indeed, abundant evidences demonstrated that lncRNA act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to participate in tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the underlying function of lncRNA in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway 1 (LINP1) in pediatric and adolescent acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The expression of LINP1 was examined in AML patient samples by qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation was examined by CCK‐8 and Edu assays. β‐Galactosidase senescence assay, mGlucose uptake assay, lactate production assay, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were performed for functional analysis. We found that LINP1 was significantly overexpressed in AML patients at diagnosis, whereas downregulated after complete remission (CR). Furthermore, knockdown of LINP1 expression remarkably suppressed glucose uptake and AML cell maintenance. Mechanistically, LINP1 was found to inhibit the glucose metabolism by suppressing the expression of HNF4a. Both LINP1 and HNF4a knockdown reduced the expression levels of AMPK phosphorylation and WNT5A, indicating for the first time that LINP1 strengthened the HNF4a‐AMPK/WNT5A signaling pathway involved in cell glucose metabolism modulation and AML cell survival. Taken together, our results indicated that LINP1 promotes the malignant phenotype of AML cells and stimulates glucose metabolism, which can be regarded as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for AML.

Plant‐associated microbes have been reported as important but overlooked drivers of plant–herbivorous insect interactions. Influence of plant‐associated microbes on plant–insect interactions is diverse, including beneficial, detrimental, and neutral. Here, we determined the effects of three Penicillium fungi, including Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium sumatrense, and Penicillium digitatum, on the oviposition selection and behavior of the yellow peach moth (YPM), Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée). Compared with fungi noninfected apples (NIA), mechanically damaged apples (MDA), and P. citrinum in potato dextrose agar medium (PC), the oviposition selection and four‐arm olfactometer experiments both showed that mated YPM females preferred to P. citrinum‐infected apples (PCA). For P. sumatrense or P. digitatum, we also found that mated YPM females preferred to P. sumatrense‐infected apples (PSA) or P. digitatum‐infected apples (PDA), respectively. Among three Penicillium fungi‐infected apples, the selection rates including oviposition and olfactometer behavior of mated YPM females on PDA were both higher than those on PSA and PCA. Further analyses of host plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by GC‐MS showed that the absolute contents of ethyl hexanoate and (Z, E)‐α‐farnesene in PCA, PSA, and PDA were all higher than those in NIA, and a total of 16 novel VOCs were detected in fungi‐infected apples (PCA, PSA, and PDA), indicating that fungi infection changed the components and proportions of apple VOCs. Taken together, three Penicillium fungi play significant roles in mediating the host selection of YPMs via altering the emissions of VOCs. These findings will be beneficial for developing formulations for field trapping of YPMs in the future.

PurposeRed blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet count (PLT) have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of malignancies; this study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the inflammatory prognostic scoring index (IPSI), comprised of RDW, N LR, and PLT for overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in the bortezomib-based chemotherapy era.Patients and methodsThe prognostic significance of variables associated with the OS of 175 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients was evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses. The cut-off values of RDW, NLR, and PLT were obtained from references. Patients with high RDW (RDW>14) were given a score of 1; patients with high NLR (NLR>2) or low PLT (PLT≤150) were given a score of 2. According to the obtained scores, the inflammatory prognostic scoring index (IPSI) was formed, in which patients were grouped into high-risk group (4–5 points), intermediate-risk group (3 points) and low-risk group (0–2 points).ResultsOS varied significantly in different IPSI groups (P< 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the IPSI was an independent prognostic factor for OS (intermediate-risk group HR 2.89, 95% CI 1.60–5.22, high risk-group HR 14.50, 95% CI 7.26–28.93, P<0.001). Importantly, with IPSI as supplement to the International Staging System (ISS), a significant difference in OS was observed among IPSI subgroups (ISS I, P<0.001; ISS II, P=0.008; ISS III, P<0.001).ConclusionThe IPSI, comprised of RDW, NLR, and PLT, played specific role in the prognosis of patients preliminarily diagnosed with multiple myeloma in the bortezomib-based chemotherapy era and could be a beneficial supplement for ISS staging.

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The variations of gravity were measured with a high precision LaCoste-Romberg D gravimeter during a total solar eclipse to investigate the effect of a solar eclipse on the gravitational field. The observed anomaly (7.0 Ϯ2.7)ϫ10 Ϫ8 m/s 2 during the eclipse implies that there may be a shielding property of gravitation.PACS number͑s͒: 04.80.Cc, 04.80.Nn, 95.10.Gi