OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy of combined treatment with doxazosin and tolterodine, as although a -blockers are commonly used and generally effective in men with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), a subset of men with BOO and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms often complain of persistent symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODSIn a prospective study of 144 consecutive men with BOO at one tertiary urology centre, all had a baseline pressure-flow urodynamic study and were then subdivided into those with BOO or BOO + OAB, based on absence or presence of involuntary detrusor contractions. The Abrams-Griffiths nomogram was used to determine obstructive BOO. After the initial evaluation, all patients were treated with doxazosin 4 mg/day for 3 months. In patients with no symptomatic improvement, tolterodine 2 mg twice daily was added for an additional 3 months. RESULTSOf the 144 patients, 76 (53%) were diagnosed as having BOO and 68 (47%) BOO + OAB. The patients with BOO + OAB were older ( P < 0.05) and had a higher International Prostate Symptom Score. After 3 months of treatment with doxazosin, 60 (79%) with BOO and 24 (35%) BOO + OAB reported a symptomatic improvement. In those patients with no improvement, six of 16 with BOO and 32 of 44 (73%) with BOO + OAB improved after adding tolterodine. Acute urinary retention developed in only two of 60 men (3.3%) treated with the combined therapy. CONCLUSIONSAbout half of men with symptomatic BOO had an OAB; while about three-quarters of men with symptomatic BOO and no OAB improved with doxazosin, only a third with BOO + OAB were helped with doxazosin alone. Combining tolterodine with doxazosin was effective in three-quarters of men with BOO + OAB. Overall, most men with BOO with or with no OAB were helped with doxazosin alone or with the addition of tolterodine. KEYWORDSbenign prostatic hyperplasia, urge incontinence, doxazosin, tolterodine, overactive bladderIn a study of patients with BOO and an overactive bladder, authors from Seoul and Pittsburgh compared the use of doxazosin with or without tolterodine. The combination of the two drugs was helpful in most patients, but doxazosin alone was also effective.The impact of controlled-release delivery of drugs on patient comfort has been considerable. The paper by authors from Germany and the USA describes the effect of the leader in this field on the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin at different dosages. They confirm that this technology facilitates the severity-dependent treatment of the overactive bladder with flexible-dose adaptations to patient requirements.There are two papers on virtual cystoscopy, in one case using CT and in the other IVU. The authors report that virtual cystoscopy is valuable in investigating patients, drawing attention to its benefits and shortcomings.

No abstract

No abstract

Combination therapy with desmopressin plus oxybutynin for the treatment of pediatric nocturnal enuresis was well tolerated, and gave significantly faster and more cost-effective results than single drug therapy using either desmopressin or imipramine.