[1] Organic carbon storage in agricultural soils plays a key role in the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. Paddy soils support important croplands in many parts of the world, especially in Asia. A thorough understanding of organic carbon storage in Chinese paddy soils would be helpful to both greenhouse gases emission and carbon sequestration studies. This paper examines soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and storage (SOCS) of paddy soils in China using the newly compiled 1:1,000,000 digital soil map of China as well as data from 1490 paddy soil profiles. Results show that paddy soils in China cover about 45.7 M ha, nearly 1.5 times more than the results of other studies. In China, the mean SOCD of paddy soils at a depth of 0-100 cm is 111.4 t C ha À1 , with a SOCS of 5.1 Pg. These results are 66-75% higher than studies from other scientists. However, the mean SOCD of paddy soils from 0 to 20 cm is 37.6 t C ha À1 , with a SOCS of 1.7 Pg, which is 89% higher than studies from other scientists.
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a method of preparation of rod-like β-Si3N4 seeds for self-reinforced silicon nitride ceramics. β-Si3N4 seeds with different size and aspect ratios have been well developed by means of heating the mixture of α-Si3N4 containing various contents of β-Si3N4 powder with certain additives at 1800°С for holding different time under 0.5MPa nitrogen gas. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to investigate the morphology, phase transformation and secondary phase. The influence of the proportion of β-Si3N4 in the initial α-Si3N4 powder on seeds size and morphology was investigated. The uniform β-Si3N4 seeds with controllable size and aspect ratios obtained through the β-Si3N4 addition can be explained by an increased heterogeneous nucleation, and MgO was more effective for enhancing the grain growth by the decreased viscosity.
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