The objective of this study was to evaluate the pelt and wastewater characteristics after deliming process in an acid condition by tartaric acid, also wet blue properties that were formed. Various observed variables were the dose of tartaric acid, pelt thickness, calcium content, physical and chemical properties of wet blue, such as tensile strength, tear strength, elongation, shrinkage temperature, and chrome oxide content, as well as the pollutants content of wastewater as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solid (TSS), and total dissolve solid (TDS). The experiment used a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement. The first factor was pH variables consisted of 3 levels, i.e., 4, 5, and 6 in the final deliming solution. The second factor was the deliming time consisted of 3 levels, i.e., 45 min, 60 min, and 75 min. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and then Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that deliming for 60 min and the pH of 5 at the end of the solution was the best treatment to remove calcium content in the pelt and reduce the thickness of pelt. It did not affect the physical and chemical quality, such as tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, and shrinkage temperature of the wet blue produced. Also, the quality of wastewater produced was better than the use of ammonium sulfate as a deliming agent. It can be concluded that the use of tartaric acid as pH regulator of deliming stage at pH 5 for 60 min can be used as an alternative deliming agent to substitute ammonium sulfate.
Bating is one of the processes in leather production. This process is generally performed under slightly alkaline conditions, but it can also be done under acidic conditions. Rhizopus oligosporus is categorized as a microorganism that can synthesize acidic enzymes optimally in acidic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the bating process using acid protease from R. oligosporus on the leather qualities tanned by chromium sulfate. The study used a completely randomized design where crude enzyme activity (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 U mL -1 ) was a single treatment as an experimental design. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and furtherly tested using Duncan. The results show that the protease synthesized from R. oligosporus is potential to be used as a bating agent. The treatment with 2.5 U mL -1 activity was the best treatment in this study to improve leather (wet blue) properties like shrinkage temperature, ash content, and chrome oxide content. The quality of wet blue produced was better than that produced with conventional treatments. It can be concluded that the enzyme activity of 2.5 U mL -1 could be used as a bating-agent alternative in the acid bating stage.
Chromium (III) sulfate is a popular tanning agent for producing leather. However, chrome tanning wastewater is one of the problems in the leather tanning industry. To prevent this, tanning using vegetable materials can be used in the leather tanning process. One of the natural ingredients that can be used is mimosa. However, mimosa is relatively expensive, so a substitute/combination tanning agent is needed to make tanning costs cheaper. This research aims to determine the effect of using a combination of mimosa and silicic acid from rice husk (RHSA) tanners on the quality of the tanned leather produced. This research uses a completely randomized factorial design with mimosa and RHSA as factors. The analysis shows that the best treatments were 20% mimosa and 20% RHSA. In addition, the analysis shows that the treatment met the standard. The resulting shrinkage temperature was 84 °C, tear strength was 39.98 N mm-1, tensile strength was 26.42 N mm-2 and elongation at break was 41%. Combination tanning also shows no significant difference from conventional tanning and reduces mimosa without decreasing leather quality.
Chromium (III) sulfate is a popular tanning agent for producing leather. However, chrome tanning wastewater is one of the problems in the leather tanning industry. To prevent this, tanning using vegetable materials can be used in the leather tanning process. One of the natural ingredients that can be used is mimosa. However, mimosa is relatively expensive, so a substitute/combination tanning agent is needed to make tanning costs cheaper. This research aims to determine the effect of using a combination of mimosa and silicic acid from rice husk (RHSA) tanners on the quality of the tanned leather produced. This research uses a completely randomized factorial design with mimosa and RHSA as factors. The analysis shows that the best treatments were 20% mimosa and 20% RHSA. In addition, the analysis shows that the treatment met the standard. The resulting shrinkage temperature was 84 °C, tear strength was 39.98 N mm-1, tensile strength was 26.42 N mm-2 and elongation at break was 41%. Combination tanning also shows no significant difference from conventional tanning and reduces mimosa without decreasing leather quality.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.