Adaptive hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) streaming has become a new trend to support adaptivity in video delivery. An HTTP streaming client needs to estimate exactly resource availability and resource demand. In this paper, we focus on the most important resource which is bandwidth. A new and general formulation for throughput estimation is presented taking into account previous values of instant throughput and round trip time. Besides, we introduce for the first time the use of bitrate estimation in HTTP streaming. The experiments show that our approach can effectively cope with drastic changes in connection throughput and video bitrate.

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Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that can severely affect one's health and well-being. If depression is not early detected and left untreated, it can consequently lead to suicide. This paper presents for the first time a novel combination of chaos theory and nonlinear dynamical analysis of signal complexity of photoplethysmography waveforms for detection of depression. Experimental results obtained from the analysis of mentally disordered and control subjects suggest the potential application of the proposed approach.