Hå THANH H ¶I ViÖn Sinh th¸i vµ Tµi Nguyªn Sinh VËtHä Melampidae (èc mÝt), tªn kh¸c lµ Ellobidae, phae biÕn ë c¸c vïng ven biÓn. §©y lµ hä gåm nhiÒu loµi cã ®êi sèng g¾n víi rõng ngËp mAEn vµ lµ hä duy nhÊt sèng nöa ë c¹n vµ n−íc lî, mAEn. C¸c loµi trong hä nµy kh«ng cã n¾p miÖng, vá rÊt dµy. Sèng chñ yÕu ë th ¶m môc, gèc c©y ven bê vµ c©y ngËp mAEn. Còng v× m«i tr−êng sèng vµ ®AEc ®iÓm sinh th¸i cña hä nµy trung gian gi÷a c¸c hä èc ë c¹n vµ c¸c hä èc ë n−íc, do vËy, trong nhiÒu c«ng tr×nh nghiªn cøu ë ViÖt Nam th−êng Ýt chó ý tíi nhãm nµy.Khi nghiªn cøu vÒ thµnh phÇn loµi th©n mÒm ë c¸c vïng ven biÓn, nhiÒu t¸c gi ¶ ® ®Ò cËp vÒ thµnh phÇn loµi èc thuéc hä Melampidae ë hÖ sinh th¸i rõng ngËp mAEn. Qua kiÓm tra vµ ph©n tÝch l¹i c¸c mÉu thu ®−îc l−u tr÷ ë c¸c phßng thÝ nghiÖm, c¸c b ¶o tµng cña mét sè tr−êng ®¹i häc, c¸c viÖn vµ trung t©m nghiªn cøu t¹i ViÖt Nam, n¨m 2003 Jorgen Hylleberg (phßng Sinh th¸i häc biÓn, §¹i häc Arthus, ViÖn Khoa häc Sinh häc, §an M¹ch) vµ Richard N. Kilburn (b ¶o tµng Natal, Nam Phi) ® taeng kÕt ®−îc 11 loµi thuéc 5 gièng trong hä Melampidae [7]. Nghiªn cøu vÒ Ch©n bông ë vïng ven biÓn miÒn B¾c ViÖt Nam, Ph¹m §×nh Träng (1996) [12] ® x¸c ®Þnh ®−îc 1 loµi Ellobium chinensis (Pfeffer); Hoµng Ngäc Kh¾c, §oµn V¨n Long (2004) khi kh ¶o s¸t vÒ thµnh phÇn loµi vµ ph©n bè cña ®éng vËt ®¸y ë rõng ngËp mAEn Giao Thñy, Nam §Þnh [8], ® thu thËp vµ x¸c ®Þnh ®−îc 5 loµi èc mÝt (Melampidae) lµ: Cassidula nucleus, Pythia scarabaeus, Ellobium aurisjudae, Ellobium sp.1, vµ Ellobium sp.2, trong ®ã cã 2 loµi ch−a x¸c ®Þnh ®−îc tªn loµi. Nghiªn cøu vÒ thµnh phÇn loµi èc ë rõng ngËp mAEn ven biÓn phÝa B¾c ViÖt Nam cña §ç V¨n Nh−îng vµ cs. (2008) [9], tËp trung ë rõng ngËp mAEn Qu ¶ng Ninh ® x¸c ®Þnh ®−îc 4 loµi: Cassidula nucleus, Ellobium aurisjudae, E. chinensis vµ Pythia scarabaeus. Tõ n¨m 2005 ®Õn nay, chóng t«i cã nhiÒu ®ît thu mÉu vµ nghiªn cøu vÒ ®éng vËt ®¸y däc s«ng vµ ven cöa s«ng Hång. Bµi nµy tr×nh bµy vÒ thµnh phÇn loµi vµ ®AEc ®iÓm cña c¸c loµi trong hä Melampidae vïng cöa s«ng Hång. I. Ph−¬ng ph¸p nghiªn cøuMÉu ®−îc thu ë trong vµ ngoµi rõng ngËp mAEn vïng b i triÒu ven cöa s«ng Hång. C¸c mÉu ®−îc l−u tr÷ t¹i bé m«n §éng vËt häc, khoa Sinh häc, tr−êng ®¹i häc S− ph¹m Hµ Néi. Khi ph©n tÝch mÉu cã sö dông t− liÖu cña c¸c t¸c gi ¶ ® nghiªn cøu tr−íc: Ph¹m §×nh Träng, 1996;Jorgen Hylleberg, 2003.... §Þnh lo¹i mÉu dùa vµo tµi liÖu: Brandt, 1974;Deepak Apte, 1998;Capenter Kent, 1998. TÊt c ¶ mÉu vËt vµ ¶nh chôp do chÝnh t¸c gi ¶ thùc hiÖn, tªn tiÕng viÖt cña c¸c loµi còng do t¸c gi ¶ ®AEt v× nhãm nµy chØ cã tªn chung lµ èc mÝt. II. KÕt qu ¶ nghiªn cøu Thµnh phÇn loµi èc hä MelampidaeQua c¸c nguån t− liÖu, ph©n tÝch c¸c mÉu vËt thu ®−îc, ® x¸c ®Þnh cã 15 loµi èc mÝt thuéc 7 gièng ë vïng ven cöa s«ng Hång, ®−îc thÓ hiÖn qua b ¶ng sau:
Freshwater shrimp of the family Atyidae De Haan, 1849 have been studied in Vietnam for more than a century. A total of 24 species of atyid shrimps from the genera Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837, Neocaridina Kubo, 1938, Atyopsis Chace, 1983 have been recorded from Vietnam. With 22 species, the majority are from the genus Caridina. In 2013, Karge and Klotz mentioned the occurrence of four yet undescribed species belonging to Paracaridina Liang, Guo & Tang, 1999 in Vietnam without taxonomic details. In general, studies of freshwater atyids in Vietnam are limited and most Vietnamese taxa await a taxonomic revision. The available data do not fully reflect their estimated species diversity in the country and distribution data are deficient. Here, we focus on four species of atyid shrimps from two genera, viz. Caridina cantonensis Yu, 1938, C. lanceifrons Yu, 1936, C. serrata Stimpson, 1860 and Neocaridina palmata (Shen, 1948), all described from China and have been reported to occur in Vietnam. The previous reports on the occurrence of these species in Vietnam are largely unreliable due to taxonomic confusion. To contribute to the knowledge of these taxa, we provide the first verified distribution records of the four species in the country with some taxonomic remarks. This study shows the first taxonomically-verified distribution data of four atyid shrimp species originally described from China, but also reported from Vietnam, albeit under various species names and, in some cases, erroneously. These data allow the first meaningful discussion of the distribution in light of the reproductive strategy of these four species and, in conjunction with the taxonomic remarks, will contribute to the knowledge of these taxa. As a result of this research and data from previous studies, we now consider all four species as widespread and non-endemic, but land-locked (with a complete freshwater life cycle). In Vietnam, all four species are confined to the northern half of the country. Beyond Vietnam, we provide the first records for Caridina lanceifrons from southern Thailand, which suggests a major sampling gap in Indochina.
DÉn liÖu b−íc ®Çu vÒ nhãm cua (Brachyura, Crustacea) ë rõng ngËp mAEn ven biÓn tõ tÜnh gia (tØnh Thanh Hãa) ®Õn Héi An (tØnh Qu ¶ng Nam) §ç V¨n Nh−îng, Hoµng Ngäc Kh¾c Tr−êng ®¹i häc S− ph¹m Hµ NéiRõng ngËp mAEn ven biÓn tõ tØnh Thanh Hãa ®Õn tØnh Qu ¶ng Nam phÇn lín lÎ tÎ ë ven c¸c cöa s«ng vµ ®Çm ph¸. C¸c b i triÒu hÑp, dèc, ph©n bè kh«ng liªn tôc, cã l−îng phï sa Ýt kh«ng ®ñ båi thµnh b i lÇy ven biÓn nh− ë phÝa b¾c vµ phÝa nam n−íc ta. TrÇm tÝch cña c¸c b i triÒu cã hµm l−îng phèt pho cao ë tÇng mAEt, thÊp ë tÇng s©u. §é mAEn trung b×nh tõ 28-30‰ vµo mïa kh« vµ tõ 15-23‰ vµo mïa m−a. L−îng m−a trung b×nh tõ 1611-2928 mm/n¨m. ChÕ ®é thñy triÒu lµ b¸n nhËt triÒu kh«ng ®Òu; biªn ®é vµ ®é lín cña triÒu tõ 2-3,5 m; n−íc triÒu th−êng lín vµo c¸c th¸ng 7, 9, 12 vµ th¸ng 1. Thµnh phÇn thùc vËt chñ yÕu lµ ®−íc (Rhizophora stylosa Griff), m¾m (Avicennia marina Vierh), gi¸ (Excoecaria agallocha L.), bÇn chua (Sonneratia caseolaris (L.)), « r« (Acanthus ilicifolius Roxb.), dõa n−íc (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.)… Cho ®Õn nay, c¸c dÉn liÖu vÒ ®éng vËt ®¸y, ®AEc biÖt lµ nhãm cua, ë rõng ngËp mAEn ven biÓn miÒn trung cña n−íc ta cßn rÊt h¹n chÕ. C«ng tr×nh nghiªn cøu tr−íc ®©y cña Dawydoff (1952) [3] ®Ò cËp phÇn lín ®Õn nhãm cua ë c¸c ® ¶o quanh khu vùc Nha Trang (tØnh Kh¸nh Hßa), vïng d−íi triÒu vµ vïng kh¬i thuéc Trung Bé vµ nam Trung Bé. Cho tíi nh÷ng n¨m 80 cña thÕ kû XX ®Õn nay, míi l¹i cã nh÷ng nghiªn cøu cña NguyÔn V¨n Chung vµ cs. ë ViÖn H ¶i d−¬ng häc Nha Trang vµ Trung t©m nghiªn cøu Thñy s ¶n 3 thuéc vïng ven biÓn miÒn Trung [1]. Nh×n chung, c¸c nghiªn cøu trªn phÇn lín tËp trung vµo c¸c nhãm ®éng vËt ®¸y cã gi¸ trÞ kinh tÕ ®−îc nu«i trång hoAEc khai th¸c tù nhiªn (chñ yÕu lµ Th©n mÒm), riªng c¸c loµi cua phÇn lín bao gåm c¸c loµi ë vïng kh¬i vµ ven bê.Th¸ng 12 n¨m 2003, chóng t«i ® tiÕn hµnh ®iÒu tra thµnh phÇn loµi cua trong rõng ngËp mAEn ven bê tõ TÜnh Gia (tØnh Thanh Hãa) ®Õn Héi An (tØnh Qu ¶ng Nam) nh»m ph¸t hiÖn thµnh phÇn loµi cña nhãm cua (Brachyura, Crustacea) trong c¸c khu vùc cßn rõng ngËp mAEn. I. Ph−¬ng ph¸p nghiªn cøuMÉu vËt ®−îc thu trong vµ ven rõng ngËp mAEn ë 9 ®Þa ®iÓm (xem s¬ ®å vÞ trÝ c¸c ®iÓm thu mÉu) d−íi d¹ng c¸c mÉu ®Þnh tÝnh, víi taeng sè mÉu ph©n tÝch lµ 161. §Þnh lo¹i cua theo c¸c tµi liÖu cña Jocelyn Crane (1975) [2], Dai vµ Yang (1994) [4]. MÉu vËt ®−îc l−u tr÷ t¹i bé m«n §éng vËt häc, tr−êng ®¹i häc S− ph¹m Hµ Néi. S¬ ®å vÞ trÝ c¸c ®iÓm thu mÉuTr−êng Sa
The survey and sampling land snails in Tam Dao National Park were conducted from 2003 to 2011. We have identified 52 species and subspecies of terrestrial gastropods in Tam Dao, belonging to 31 genera, 13 families and 2 orders (Architaenioglossa, Stylommatophora), 2 subclass (Prosobranchia, Pulmonata). Of all families recorded: Cyclophoridae, Pupinidae, Subulinidae, Camaenidae, Bradybaenidae, Ariophantidae, Helicarionidae, Plectopylididae, Clausiliidae, Achatinellidae, Streptaxidae, Streptaxidae and Achatinidae, the family Cyclophoridae is the most abundant in number of species (up 19.23% of the total species), the Clausiliidae occupied the second place with 13.4% of the total species, and all the rest of families are less. The species of large size, widely distributed in many parts of northern Vietnam are Camaena vaysieri, Cyclophorus songmaensis, Cyclophorus siamensis and Cyclophorus exaltus, the tiny-sized species are Videna timorensis, Pupina anceyi and Pupina brachysoma. In habitat, the most abundant species are observed in natural forest, then in edge of forest, and least of all in cultivated land and wasteland. In surveying lines, the residential district of Tam Dao has the most abundant species. The dominant species in natural forest habitats belong to the families Ariophantidae and Helicarionidae, the common species widely distributed belong to the family Bradybaenidae, such as Bradybaena jourdyi, Bradybaena similaris. The dominant species in cultivated land belong to the families Clausiliidae and Subulinidae, a Achatina fulica is considered as an exotic species.
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