This paper studies the capital regulation implementation by commercial banks. Specifically, the authors examine how commercial banks achieve the required capital regulation requirements in the context of the Basel regulation frameworks and whether this compliance promotes banks' efficiency. The authors use partial adjustment models to analyse the banks' quarterly financial statement releases in both pre-and post-regulation periods. On average, the empirical evidence shows that the commercial banks pursued credit growth at a higher priority than capital regulation requirements. Retained earnings and riskweighted assets are permutations to account for the bulk of both higher riskweighted capital ratio and capital-to-total-assets ratio, while the shares' issuance played a lesser role. In the post-regulation period, the banks adjusted to the riskweighted capital target faster than in the pre-regulation period. Adjustment to the capital-on-total-assets ratio was slower. The authors find that the manner of the adjustment by these commercial banks to the capital target led to a loss in efficiency. The result implies the need to tighten the capital regulation implementation and improve risk-weighted assets management.
Abstract.This article aims to analyze the interbank lending adjustment during the period when Vietnamese commercial banks are compliant with some parts of the Basel regulation framework. A pilot regulation period has started in 2011 and full application will be effective by the end of 2018. Partial adjustment models and variance decomposition are used for the analyses. In the analysis of the quarterly released financial statements of Vietnamese commercial banks in the period from 2008/Q1 to 2015/Q4, the empirical evidence showed that throughout the period, lending to non-bank and high liquidity assets contributed to the adjustment in both long run and short run with a negative association. In addition, the loan loss allowance contributed to the adjustment in the post-regulation period only with a positive association. These highly contributing factors also show a potential shock after the adjustment of the interbank lending. The results imply there is a need for interbank lending portfolio report and an efficient control over the IRB of Vietnamese commercial banks.
One of the biggest environmental challenges of Vietnam is plastic wastes without recycling such as bottle, cans, plastic bag. The Vietnamese government have recognized these problems and called the reforming campaign to develop the sustainable technology to re-producing the wasted plastic. Thus, this research aims to contribute to deal with the issue by designing a plastic recycling machine. To satisfy domestic market of over 120 units at the first time, this research attempted to make a small machine at a low cost, but its throughput still reaches about 8kg plastic/hour and it can run within 16 consecutive hours a day. Hence, most of components is expected to be supplied by local vendors. As the result, the product price as well as maintenance cost is anticipated to be reduced. With the aim to produce the automated machine can incorporate continuous raw materials flow and at the same time move melted plastic in screw conveyor as defined by the regulation of the Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) with timer to detect a velocity of melted plastic which come out from a nozzle of the screw conveyor and go to a mold. The hydraulic pressure, then, applies force to compressing and forming products. There are potential risks that can happen in fact, to deal with them. That is a reason Computer aid engineering and Finite element method modeling were conducted to make sure the force pressed in mold sufficiently and controlled the thickness of production as customer requirements.
Hypertension is a growing public health issue with serious health consequences worldwide. The association between nutritional factors and hypertension have been reported in the literature. This literature review aims to investigate the association between nutritional factors and hypertension. Studies published from 1999 to 2021 in English were search using Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Web Science, and Google Scholar databases. Keywords included hypertension, blood pressure, fats, protein, carbohydrates, sodium, fiber, potassium, calcium, magnesium, diet and literature review. The number of references included in this review was 85. This review found a significant association between hypertension and consumption of saturated fats, monounsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids, sodium, potassium, fiber, and protein. However, there are still unclear and inconsistent associations in studies on the association between carbohydrates, calcium, and magnesium with hypertension.
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