It is concluded that in proteinuria, expression of all the key protein re-absorptive receptors is significantly reduced in the PT in association with increased turnover and urinary shedding.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease associated with many factors, such as urinary tract infection (UTI), and the complicated type of UTI bacteria is Proteus mirabilis. Accordingly, 67 RA patients with UTI and 45 healthy controls from Baghdad regions were included in this study. Proteus mirabilis isolates were obtained from the urine of patients with RA and identified in 11.9% by biochemical tests and 16sRNA gene sequencing. ABO blood types, serum TNF-α level, serum rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein, and anti-bacterial antibody level of RA patients were compared to healthy controls. The study indicated that there is a correlation between blood type O, serum TNF-α level, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein, and anti-bacterial antibody level of RA patients. The significant result was the increased serum level of TNF-α of RA patients who were infected with urease-produced bacteria, this might be due to the enzyme structure's role in evoking the disease.
Although the structure-activity relationship indicates that the 4-thioxoimidazolidin ring is essential for antibacterial activities and pharmaceutical applications, there were no enough studies on the derivatives of this compound. Evaluating the new hydantoin compounds C5 (3-((2-bromobenzylidene) amino)-2- thioxoimidazolidin-4-one) and C6 (3-((4- methoxybenzylidene) amino)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one) that were prepared against clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates for antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antihemagglutination activities is the aim of this study. Therefore, the potential clinical resistance of the strains was evaluated by their ability to form biofilms, antibiotic resistance, and agglutinate erythrocytes macroscopically and microscopically; besides, the bacterial biofilm was screened for any association with the patient’s serum immunoglobulin levels and complements. Despite the effective concentration for C5 and C6 compounds, which is ≤ 31.25 μg/ml, the reduction rate is not concentration-dependent; it depends on the molecular docking of the hydantoin compounds. Hence, the effect of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) is variable. In this study, the results for the compounds (with the concentration of 31.25–62.5 μg/mL for C5 and 62.5–125 μg/mL for C6) significantly manifest the antibacteria, antibiofilm, and antihemagglutination effects against the virulent strains of S. aureus due to the high percentage of biofilm inhibition that was caused by the new hydantoin compounds. Besides, time-kill kinetics studies showed that these compounds pose bactericidal action. Overall, this study revealed that the new hydantoin derivatives have an interesting potential as new antibacterial drugs through the inhibition of bacterial adhesion. The infections of these isolates activate the complement system through the lectin pathway. Nevertheless, these compounds can be improved in order to be used at even lower concentrations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.