ObjectiveThe purpose of this qualitative study was to explore clients’ and midwives’ perceptions of compassionate and respectful care during facility-based delivery in Bishoftu District, the regional state of Oromia, Ethiopia.SettingPublic health facilities (two health centres and one district hospital).Study designA qualitative exploratory descriptive research design was used.Study participantsThe research population included purposely sampled women who had given birth in a health facility in the previous 2 weeks and midwifery experts who provided maternity care in the health facility’s labour and delivery wards. Data were gathered through an individual interview (with 10 midwives and 12 women in labour). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed immediately. For the research, thematic analysis was performed manually. Both a priori codes (from the query guide) and emerging inductive codes were used in the study. In the thematic data analysis, three inter-related stages were involved, namely data reduction, data display and data conclusion.ResultsFrom the analysis of in-depth interviews with labouring women, three themes emerged, namely: dignified and respectful care, neglectful care and unqualified staff. Five main categories emerged from in-depth interviews with midwives: trusting relationships formed with labouring women, compassionate and respect-based behaviour, good communication skills and holistic care, intentional disrespect toward women, and barriers to compassionate and respectful maternity care due to structural factors. These themes were discovered to be a rich and detailed account of midwives’ perspectives on compassionate and respectful maternity care.ConclusionThe majority of women who witnessed or suffered disrespect and violence during labour and childbirth were dissatisfied with their maternity care during labour and delivery. Despite midwives’ accounts showing that they were aware of the importance of compassionate and respectful maternity care, clients face verbal abuse, neglect, and a lack of supportive treatment during labour and childbirth. Clients’ human rights were violated by disrespectful or abusive acts, whether perpetrated or observed. It is essential to address structural problems such as provider workload, and all other initiatives aimed at improving midwives’ interpersonal relationships with women to provide compassionate and respectful client-centred maternity care.

Background: Provision of preconception care is significantly affected by the health care provider’s knowledge of preconception care. In Ethiopia, preconception care is rare, if even available, as part of maternal health care services. Thus, this study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of preconception care and associated factors among health care providers working in public health facilities in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March to 1 April 2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a total of 415 maternal health care providers. We utilized a structured, pretested, and self-administered questionnaire to collect data. Data were entered into EpiData (version 3.1) and exported to STATA (version 16) for analysis. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. All covariates with a p value ⩽0.20 in bivariate logistic regression were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis to control the confounding variables; variables with a p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 410 respondents, 247 (60.2%; 95% confidence interval: 55.4–65.1) had good knowledge of preconception care. Having an educational level of Bachelor of Science degree and above (adjusted odds ratio: 6.97, 95% confidence interval: 3.85–12.60), 5 or more years work experience (adjusted odds ratio: 2.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–4.49), working in a hospital (adjusted odds ratio: 2.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–4.99), reading preconception care guidelines (adjusted odds ratio: 3.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.40–6.68), and training on preconception (adjusted odds ratio: 2.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.37–6.15) were significantly associated with good knowledge of preconception care. Conclusions and Recommendations: Three out of five maternal health care providers in this study had good knowledge of preconception care. Facilitating continuous refreshment training and continuous professional development for health workers, preparing comprehensive preconception care guidelines for health institutions, and reading preconception care guidelines were highly recommended.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the level of adherence to diabetes self-management and associated factors among adolescents living with type 1 diabetes at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 422 adolescents with type 1 diabetes attending outpatient diabetic clinics at public hospitals in Addis Ababa. The adolescents were interviewed using pretested questionnaires to give information on adherence to diabetes self-management. A variable that has a P-value of <0.2 in bi-variable logistic regression analysis was subjected to multivariable logistic regression analysis to control the confounding factors. The level of significance was pronounced at P-value <0.05. Results In this study, a total of 414 adolescents living with type 1 diabetes were interviewed making a 98.1% response rate. About 218 participants (52.7%) had poor adherence to overall diabetes self-management. Self-efficacy (AOR=8.7, 95% CI:1.9–14.1, P=0.005), social support (AOR=4.6, 95% CI:1.5–13.5, P=0.006), age (AOR=0.2, 95% CI:0.1–0.4, P=0.001), good knowledge of the disease (AOR=9.046, 95% CI:3.83–13.5, P=0.000), moderate knowledge (AOR=6.763, 95% CI:2.18–12.921, P=0.001), and time since diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (AOR=0.1, 95% CI:0.02–0.2, P=0.005) were significantly associated with adherence to diabetes self-management. Conclusions and Recommendations More than half of this population had poor adherence to diabetes self-management. The finding suggested that implementing a comprehensive guideline of adherence and expanding the recurrence of follow-up visits could be important for this population.

Background Anemia is a global public health problem that affects pregnant women. The most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency which is extremely common in developing countries. World health organization reported that 36.5% of pregnant women are anemic globally. In Ethiopia, 27.08% of women of the reproductive age group are anemic. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the magnitude and factors associated with iron supplementation during pregnancy in the southern and eastern regions of Ethiopia. Methods The data used in this analysis were extracted from Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019. The survey was conducted in 9 regional states and two city administrations. The data used in the analysis were extracted from individual women datasets, and 1780 study participants were included in this study. The logistic regression analysis including bivariate and multivariable logistic regression at a 95% confidence interval and a p-value less than 0.05 was used. Result The finding of the study shows that iron supplementation during pregnancy in Southern and Eastern parts of Ethiopia was 50.06%. Among those who received iron, only about 20% took it for 90 days and more during their pregnancy. Iron supplementation among the pregnant women was affected by secondary education [AOR = 2.20, 95%CI (1.325, 3.638)], residing in urban [AOR = 1.75, 95%CI (1.192, 2.574)], having media at home [AOR = 1.41, 95%CI (1.022, 1.946)], having antenatal care follow up [AOR = 9.27, 95%CI (4.727, 18.169)], having 4 and more ANC follow up [AOR = 2.01, 95%CI (1.468,2.760], having antenatal care follow up at government health institutions [AOR = 3.40, 95%CI (1.934, 5.982)], and giving birth at governmental health institutions [AOR = 1.70, 95%CI (1.236, 2.336)]. Conclusion Only one in two pregnant women was supplemented with iron during their recent pregnancy. The supplementation was affected by women's education, place of residence, presence of media at home, antenatal care follow-up, the number of antenatal care follow up, antenatal care follows up at governmental health institutions, and giving birth at the governmental health institution. The availability and accessibility of maternal care services and their functionality in providing maternal care services improve the supplementation.

BACKGROUND:Globally, the incidence of neonatal sepsis is estimated to be 2,824 per 100,000 live births, of which 17.6% of neonates have died. The incidence of sepsis was high among premature neonates (10,252 per 100,000 live births). Data on the association between vaginal examinations during labor and neonatal sepsis among preterm neonates in Ethiopia are sparse. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and its associated factors among preterm babies in southern Ethiopia.METHODS:An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 preterm neonates from May 1 to August 30, 2021. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Data 3.1 and exported into SPSS version 20 for analysis. We summarized participant characteristics using proportions and means. Factors associated with neonatal sepsis were analyzed using binary and multivariable logistic regression with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Ap-value of <.05 was a cutoff point to declare a statistically significant association.RESULTS:Overall, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 52.9% (95% CI: 46.2, 54.4) among preterm neonates. Performing vaginal examinations frequently during labor significantly increases the likelihood of developing neonatal sepsis (AOR: 7.45, 95% CI: 3.87, 6.79). In addition, premature rupture of the membranes (AOR: 5.79, 95% CI: 6.769, 10.65) and the 5-minute Apgar of less than 7 (AOR: 1.780, 95% CI: 2.507,6.094) were associated with neonatal sepsis.CONCLUSIONS:In this study, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was high among preterm babies. Performing vaginal examinations frequently in labor increases the risk of preterm babies developing neonatal sepsis. Limiting the frequency of vaginal examinations during labor and good aseptic technique while performing vaginal examinations are vital to reduce the risk of developing neonatal sepsis.

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects a highly significant number of people and is responsible for the deaths of many people in sub-Saharan African countries alone. The best prevention method for this virus is through consistent condom utilization which can help to prevent drug-resistant HIV infection and acquisition of new infection. Therefore, this study aimed to assess consistent condom utilization and associated factors among HIV-positive individuals attending an antiretroviral therapy clinic at Pawi general hospital, North West Ethiopia in 2020. Methods An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 HIV-positive individuals who have follow-up in the Pawi general hospital antiretroviral therapy clinics, from January to February 2020. The study subjects were reached using a systematic sampling technique and data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis were performed using epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 respectively. Binary and multivariable analyses with a 95% confidence level were performed. In the final model, variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 419 antiretroviral therapy study participants were participated in the study with a response rate of 100%. In this finding, the consistent condom utilization rate was 49.2% [95% CI: 42.2–56.5%]. After controlling for possible confounding factors, the results showed that place of residence [AOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.45], marital status [AOR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.67], number of partners [AOR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.55] and level of education [AOR = 5.33, 95% CI: 1.57, 18.08] were associated factors of consistent condom utilization. Conclusion Consistent condom utilization among HIV-positive clients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics at Pawi general hospital was low. Residence, marital status, level of education and number of partners were significantly associated factors of consistent condom use. Health education program and counseling services should be started to increase knowledge about way of transmission and appropriate use of condoms, increase self-efficacy towards condom use and reduction in the number of sexual partners.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the level of adherence to diabetes self-management and associated factors among type 1 diabetic adolescents attending outpatient diabetic clinics at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 422 adolescents with type 1 diabetes attending outpatient diabetic clinics at four randomly selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa. The adolescents were interviewed using pretested questionnaires to give information on socio-demographic characteristics, medical factors, knowledge about type 1 diabetes, adherence to diabetes self-management, self-efficacy, and social support related to type 1 diabetes. A variable that has a P-value of <0.2 in bi-variable logistic regression analysis was subjected to multivariable logistic regression analysis to control the confounding factors. The level of significance was pronounced at P-value <0.05. Results In this study, a total of 414 diabetic adolescents were interviewed making a 98.1% response rate. About 218 participants (52.7%) had poor adherence to overall diabetes self-management. Self-efficacy (AOR=8.7, 95% CI:1.9-14.1, P=0.005), social support (AOR=4.6, 95%CI:1.5-13.5, P=0.006), age (AOR=0.2, 95%CI:0.1-0.4, P=0.001), good knowledge of the disease (AOR=9.046, 95%CI:3.83-13.5, P=0.000), moderate knowledge (AOR=6.763, 95%CI:2.18-12.921, P=0.001), and time since diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (AOR=0.1, 95%CI:0.02-0.2, P=0.005) were significantly associated with adherence to diabetes self-management. Conclusions and Recommendations: More than half of this population had poor adherence. The finding suggested that implementing a comprehensive guideline of adherence and expanding the recurrence of follow-up visits could be important for this population.

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