Correlations of gene-to-gene co-expression and metabolite-to-metabolite co-accumulation calculated from large amounts of transcriptome and metabolome data are useful for uncovering unknown functions of genes, functional diversities of gene family members and regulatory mechanisms of metabolic pathway flows. Many databases and tools are available to interpret quantitative transcriptome and metabolome data, but there are only limited ones that connect correlation data to biological knowledge and can be utilized to find biological significance of it. We report here a new metabolic pathway database, KaPPA-View4 (http://kpv.kazusa.or.jp/kpv4/), which is able to overlay gene-to-gene and/or metabolite-to-metabolite relationships as curves on a metabolic pathway map, or on a combination of up to four maps. This representation would help to discover, for example, novel functions of a transcription factor that regulates genes on a metabolic pathway. Pathway maps of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and maps generated from their gene classifications are available at KaPPA-View4 KEGG version (http://kpv.kazusa.or.jp/kpv4-kegg/). At present, gene co-expression data from the databases ATTED-II, COXPRESdb, CoP and MiBASE for human, mouse, rat, Arabidopsis, rice, tomato and other plants are available.
In vertical transmission of HTLV‐I the duration of breast‐feeding seems to be an important risk factor. In this study, we made prospective and retrospective surveys on the rate of vertical transmission of HTLV‐I in infants and their siblings born to HTLV‐I seropositive mothers. The results obtained were as follows.
In the prospective study, 885 of the 16,283 pregnant women examined were HTLV‐I seropositive, and the seropositive rate was 5.4%. The seroconversion rates of short‐term (>7 months) and long‐term (≥7 months) breast‐feeders were 3.8% (1/ 26 cases) and 25.0% (1/4 cases) respectively, and the rate of bottle‐feeders was 5.6% (10/177 cases). Short‐term breast‐feeding tended to yield a lower seroconversion rate of infants. In addition, the seroconversion rate of short‐term breast‐feeders was nearly equal to that of bottle‐feeders: 3.8% vs. 5.6%.
In the retrospective study, the seroconversion rates of short‐term and long‐term breast‐feeders in their siblings were 4.5% (3/67 cases) and 14.0% (19/136 cases) respectively. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P<0.01).
Thus, the results of our retrospective and prospective studies suggest that short‐term breast‐feeding might lessen the risk of breast‐milk‐borne transmission of HTLV‐I from carrier mothers to their children.
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