We have measured electron mobility in vacuum-deposited films of 4,7-diphenyl-1,10phenanthroline (bathophenanthroline, or BPhen) using a time-of-flight technique. Electron transport was highly dispersive for BPhen with a dispersion parameter of a value 0.30. The electron mobility in excess of 10−4 cm2/V s has been observed at electric fields of the order of 105 V/cm with weakly dependent on the electric field. The characteristic energy of the distribution is obtained a value 0.09 eV. It is directly confirmed that the BPhen has superior electron-transport capability.

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We describe theoretical and experimental studies for nano-scale ferroelectric domain measurements using scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (SNDM). We calculate one-dimensional images of a 180° c-c domain boundary and show that SNDM has an atomic-scale resolution theoretically. Experimental results show that we measure the c-c domain on the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film with the width of 1.5 nm and that the resolution of the microscope is less than 0.5 nm.