This paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of lead compounds with a new chemical skeleton that is not found in conventional antimicrobial agents. The biologically attractive cyclopentenoid (+)-hygrophorone B12, isolated from the fruiting bodies of Hygrophorus abieticola, and its analogues were synthesized in a longer linear sequence of twelve steps, starting from a cyclopentenone derivative. This synthesis involved the following crucial steps: (i) oximation of a ketone to stabilize the requisite aldehyde to install a side chain and (ii) coupling of an aldehyde with a side chain to assemble the desired hygrophorone. Then, the antimicrobial activity of these hygrophorones towards clinically relevant bacterial pathogens was evaluated. The results showed that hygrophorone B12 and its analogues are especially effective in preventing the proliferation of gram-positive bacteria. In addition, it was found that some structural features such as the presence of the enone moiety as well as the carbon–carbon triple bond on the hydrocarbon chain were pivotal to increase the antimicrobial activity of hygrophorone B. This study is expected to support the development of novel antimicrobial agents by flexibly synthesizing hygrophorone B analogues with a carbon five-membered ring skeleton from the common intermediate.
Enone compounds are well-known as useful building blocks that can be converted into a variety of valuable compounds. This study describes a synthetic method to synthesize Eselective or multi-substituted enones by an Ir-catalyzed cascade reaction under reducing conditions. We found that the cascade reaction, including reduction/isomerization/dehydration, pro-ceeds by treating bis-allyl alcohol with Crabtree's catalyst in a hydrogen atmosphere, which forms the desired product with high diastereoselectivity. We investigated acceptable catalysts to the reaction and the synthesis of enone using di-, tri-and tetrasubstituted olefin substrates. Additionally, the given results suggested a hypothesis of reaction mechanism.
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