The SC rate of VSD by mean age of 6.9 years was 48%, but it was 72% in patients without CHF. In patients with CHF, SC was seen only in patients with a perimembranous VSD. The rate of SC was 10% in subpulmonary VSD. The authors contend that SC probably occurred by growth of muscular septum surrounding VSD. Muscular VSD spontaneously closed earlier than perimembranous VSD.
We believe that AVMS formation is related to avoidance of surgical closure during early infancy in patients with a perimembranous VSD, because the frequency of AVMS during early infancy is low in patients with CHF.
To determine the exercise responses of patients with congenital heart disease, 20 patients-5 who had undergone a right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (group R; age, 15 +/- 2 years), eight who had undergone a Fontan operation (group F; age, 13 +/- 2 years), and seven who had a history of Kawasaki disease (group C; age, 15 +/- 1 years)-performed a treadmill exercise test. Patients of group R had a significant residual right ventricular outflow obstruction. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were measured at rest, during warm-up, at ventilatory threshold (VT), and at peak exercise. Exercise capacity was determined as a percentage of the predicted normal peak VO2 (%pVO2). The %pVO2 for groups R and F was 65 +/- 10 and 56 +/- 11, respectively. Peak HR for groups R and F was 171 +/- 4 and 155 +/- 5, which were lower than the HR for group C (p < 0.001). Although NE concentrations at rest, during warm-up, and at VT were significantly greater in groups R and F (p < 0.05), there were no significant differences in the NE concentrations at peak exercise. Peak HR correlated with %pVO2 (p < 0.001). The ratio of the increase in HR to NE from rest to VT was significantly lower in groups R and F than in group C (p < 0.001) and correlated with %pVO2 (r = 0.80; p < 0. 001). These data suggest that sympathetic nervous activity in groups R and F is increased at rest and during mild to moderate exercises, and reduced sinus node sensitivity to NE may be partly responsible for the abnormal HR response during exercise of patients with uncorrected congenital heart disease.
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