Aneurysm of the Ventricular Membranous Septum: Serial Echocardiographic Studies

Abstract

We believe that AVMS formation is related to avoidance of surgical closure during early infancy in patients with a perimembranous VSD, because the frequency of AVMS during early infancy is low in patients with CHF.

Isolated Aneurysms of the Membranous Ventricular Septum Without Residual Shunts: Systematic Review and Description of 3 Cases in Adults

“…In general, ventricular septal defects and related shunts are classified according to the ratio of right and left ventricular systolic pressures, cardiac output, and vascular resistance between the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation . In isolated membranous ventricular septal aneurysms with no residual shunting, the defect diameter and indexed cross‐sectional area of the aneurysm were found to be predictive factors for the prognosis, spontaneous closure, and successful surgical closure . Although membranous ventricular septal aneurysms combining ventricular septal defects were thought to carry a favorable prognosis, this “benign” nature of the aneurysmal transformation was reappraised again when some investigators recognized that the appearance of aneurysmal transformation increases the risk of development of an intracardiac shunt and a subaortic ridge later in life…”

Aneurysm of the membranous septum detected during left ventriculography and demonstrated by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

“…AMS is a congenital anomaly that is formed by the transformation of VSD during adulthood [1,2]. It is considered as a type among the left ventricular outflow tract aneurysms [3].…”

“…Some of the membranous ventricular septal defects (VSD) in infancy transform into aneurysms of the ventricular membranous septums (AMS) later in adulthood [1,2]. It could be isolated or usually found together with VSD, atrial septal defects, aortic or pulmonary valvular malformations.…”

Aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum demonstrated by multislice computed tomography

“…Aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum [1] is formed from ventricular septal defect in infancy [2]. Most aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum are asymptomatic, but it may cause cerebral embolization [3] and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction [4].…”

“…Most aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum are asymptomatic, but it may cause cerebral embolization [3] and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction [4]. Although echocardiography is an effective tool for diagnosing aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum [2], the detailed morphological assessment of the aneurysm is sometimes obscure. The recent progress in spatial and temporal resolution, MSCT, has now become an alternative diagnostic tool for detecting congenital heart disease [5].…”