Antifungal activity was detected in the crude saponin fraction obtained from the bottom cut of Asparagus officinalis L. This activity was specific to certain fungi, for example Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. Attempts were made to isolate the active principles from this fraction; in this way a new saponin (AS-1) was isolated, and its structure was estimated to be 3-0-[{/?-D-glucopyranosyl(l-åº2)}{)5-D-xylopyranosyl(l-åº 4)-/?-D-glucopyranosyl]-(255'),5/?spirostan-3/J-ol. The minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.5 /ig/ml to more than 8/fg/ml depending upon the nature of the fungi. On the basis of the work carried out here, it is probable that asparagus will contain additional antifungal principles.
Flue dust produced from the Kosaka copper flashsmelting furnace contains metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Fc, As, Cd, etc. To recover these metals, the dust is treated in the hydrometallurgical plant. Previous iron oxidation by air blown at pH 5 and at 50°C for removal of iron from the leached solution has been superceded by bacterial iron oxidation and pecipitation processes. The advantages of this bacterial oxidation procedure are (i) low cost; (ii) clear separation of metals; (iii) improvement in settling and dewatering characteristics and smaller, stable of volume precipitate and (iv) possibilities of fixing arsenate to obtain inexpensive ferric ions. A new hydrogen sulfide gas treatment process has been developed to treat the gas from plants producing barium chemicals. Itydrogen sulfide (70% content) is absorbed on ferric iron solution, and is thus oxidized to elemental sulfur. After the sulfur has been separated, the iron‐ oxidizing bacteria are employed to regenerate the absorbing solution. In this plant, which produces 150 tons sulfur per month, the hydrogen sulfide content of sweet gas is kept under 10 ppm; equivalent to 99.99%,; of the hydrogen sulfide recovery. The advantages of this process are (i) high H 2S gas removal efficiency; (ii) low running cost; (iii) ease of operation and maintenance: (iv) no waste; (v) high H2S selectivity; and (vi) good flexibility overload fluctuations.
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