A surgical specimen was obtained from a patient (female, 73 years old) who was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (mixed subtypes) and underwent pulmonary lobe resection at the Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital in 2015. The patient did not undergo any preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The resected lung cancer tissues (~1.0 cm 3 without necrosis) were put into ice-cold RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone, GE Healthcare), 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids (Gibco), 100 IU/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Gibco) and 0.03% glutamine (Gibco), and transported immediately to the lab. After the removal of blood clots, the sample was rinsed with sterile PBS and cut into small fragments (~1 mm 3
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic malignancies. PDAC builds a tumor microenvironment that plays critical roles in tumor progression and metastasis.
To clarify the physiologic roles of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in infectious states in vivo, we examined the serum levels of G-CSF in patients with infection. Serum samples from 24 patients in the acute stage of infection (14 men and 10 women, age 65 to 101, without hematologic disorders), as well as samples from 32 age- matched normal elderly volunteers were investigated. Sixteen of the initial 24 patients were reexamined after the recovery phase. G-CSF levels were examined by quantitative enzyme immunoassay. The G-CSF level in normal elderly controls, 25.3 +/- 19.7 pg/mL, was not different from that reported in other findings. There was no statistically significant relationship between their G-CSF level and peripheral white blood cell count or neutrophilic granulocyte count. The G-CSF level in the acute stage of infection was 731.8 +/- 895.0 pg/mL, with a range of 30 to 3,199 pg/mL. There was no significant difference in G-CSF levels between patients with respiratory tract infection and those with urinary tract infection. In all 16 cases examined, the serum G-CSF level in the acute stage of infection was significantly higher than that after recovery phase, the latter being the same as the level in normal elderly controls. G-CSF must therefore play a significant role in human infectious states in vivo.
Effects of the acclimation temperatures of carp between 5 and 30•Ž were examined on rigormortis•@ progress and the postmortem changes of ATP and related compounds, glycogen, and lactate during storage at 0 and 10•Ž. The acclimation temperature gave large effects on both period required for reaching a maximal rigor and rigor strength. Rigor-mortis proceeded faster with increasing the difference between acclimation and storage temperatures. Rigor-mortis attained its maximum at 72h for 0 and 5•Ždifference, while at 56, 32, and 24h for 10, 20, and 30•Ž-difference, respectively. For carp given 30•Ž temperature difference, maximal rigor index was almost 100%, while only below 60% for 0 and 5•Ž-difference. After transfer of carp to 30•Ž from 14•Ž, it took 4 weeks to change the rigor-mortis progress to a typical 30•Ž pattern. These data suggest that protein or lipid biosyntheses are involved in the changes of rigor-mortis patterns during temperature acclimation of carp. During the postmortem storage, changes of several compounds, i.e., ATP and glycogen decrease and lactate accumulation, were faster for warm-acclimated carp than cold-acclimated one. These differences are considered to be derived from the differences of ATP consumption rates between warm and cold-acclimated carp. For ectotherms as fish, environmental temperature is known to give a large effects on the metabolic rates, enzyme functions and structures, properties of contractile machinery, or the fluidity of biological membranes.1-3) Most fish species adapt to a narrow range of water temperature and the range differs from species within a range from-2•Ž to above 40•Ž.1,2) If a fish species is exposed to a different environmental temperature from a previous one, drastic biochemical changes would occur in the metabolic rates for short term temperature compensation or in the lipid compositions and protein functions and structures for rather long term acclimation.3)
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