It was possible to predict an aberrant subclavian artery by identifying the brachiocephalic artery and position of the right subclavian artery on the CT film of the neck. When an anomaly of the subclavian artery is thus preoperatively detected, NRILN can be preoperatively predicted, which likely will enable prevention of vocal cord paralysis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of imidafenacin on nocturia and sleep disorder in patients with overactive bladder (OAB). Patients and Methods: A prospective multicenter study of imidafenacin 0.1 mg twice daily for patients with OAB and nocturia was conducted. At baseline and at week 4 and 8, patients were assessed using the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), frequency volume charts (FVC) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Treatment with imidafenacin significantly improved OAB symptoms. Imidafenacin also improved PSQI, especially subjective sleep quality, sleep latency and daytime dysfunction. In FVC, the number of daytime voids and nighttime voids significantly decreased and average voided volume significantly increased after imidafenacin. Subanalysis of FVC based on the patients’ age revealed that nocturnal polyuria was more often found in patients aged 75 years or over than in those aged under 75 years (79 vs. 55%, p < 0.05). Treatment with imidafenacin significantly reduced the nocturnal polyuria index only in patients aged 75 years or over. Conclusions: Imidafenacin can improve nocturia and sleep disorder in patients with OAB. The efficacy of imidafenacin on nocturia is attributable to an increase in bladder capacity and a decrease in nocturnal urine volume. We conclude that imidafenacin is an effective and safe drug for nocturia in patients with OAB.

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Abbreviations & AcronymsObjectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of transurethral resection of the prostate on nocturia and sleep disorders in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction. Methods: A prospective multicenter study including lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction patients with nocturia (twice or more) undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate was carried out. All patients were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at baseline, and 6 months after transurethral resection of the prostate. Results: Overall, 49 patients were included in the study. A total of 20 of them (41%) had a sleep disorder defined as a score of 5.5 or more on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score. The nocturia score significantly correlated with component 4 of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (habitual sleep efficiency). Nocturia significantly decreased after transurethral resection of the prostate from 3.0 ± 1.2 to 1.9 ± 0.8, whereas the global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score did not. In 20 patients with a sleep disorder before transurethral resection of the prostate, subjective sleep quality (component 1) and habitual sleep efficiency (component 4) significantly decreased after transurethral resection of the prostate, but this was not the case for the global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score. In 16 patients with a persistent sleep disorder after transurethral resection of the prostate, International Prostate Symptom Score, voiding and storage symptoms score were higher than those of patients without a sleep disorder, although the nocturia score improved equivalently in both groups. Conclusions: Transurethral resection of the prostate diminishes nocturnal urinary frequency and partly improves sleep quality in patients with nocturia and lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction. A persistent sleep disorder after transurethral resection of the prostate is associated with persistent voiding and storage symptoms.

A basidiomycetous yeast strain isolated from the urine of a 73‐year‐old Japanese patient with chronic renal failure was revealed to be a novel species by sequencing the D1/D2 26S rDNA and ITS regions of the rRNA gene. The name Cryptococcus arboriformis sp. nov. is proposed for the isolate, with IFM 54862T (=CBS 10441T =JCM 14201T) as the type strain. A phylogenetic analysis positioned Cryptococcus arboriformis in the Trichosporonales lineage and showed that it is closely related to C. haglerorum.