Objective: To evaluate the various morphologic patterns of urothelial carcinoma in transurethral resection specimen of urinary bladder. Method: One hundred ninty three biopsies of transurethral resection of bladder from different age groups without exception of sex and race were included in this study from year 2013-2019 in Services Hospital Lahore. Result: Eighty-eight cases from 193 biopsies from services hospital Lahore in 2013 to 2019 were reported as high-grade urothelial carcinoma. While 52out of 193 cases were diagnosed as nested variant of urothelial carcinoma.03 cases neuroendocrine differentiation of urothelial carcinoma is identified and 21 cases having squamous and 12 cases with sarcomatoid differentiation of urothelial carcinoma is reported. Conclusion: Urothelial carcinoma has many histological variants each having different prognosis and clinical implications. So accurate subtyping of the tumor is important for patient's better management. Key Words: Urothelial carcinoma, sarcomatoid, divergent differentiation How to Cite: Kareem H, Jahan A, Nadeem I, Sameen S, Liaqat R, Liaquat T. Various histomorphologic patterns of urothelial carcinoma in TURBT specimen. Esculapio.2020;16(04):66-69.
<p>People have suffered both physically and mentally from threatening situation of the emerging cases of Coronavirus in Pakistan. The health professionals who are directly involved in performing various blood tests on the samples of COVID-19 patient are almost equally in danger zone to get infected as much as the health care workers who treat them. The environmental contamination is higher in the hospitals and working medical staff should practice strict protective measures to overcome this psychological stress or mental trauma as it sub-optimizes a person’s working capacity.</p>
Aim This study aimed to determine the relationship between irreversible morphological changes in the renal interstitium and the duration of exposure to heavy metals such as copper in albino rats. Materials and methods An experimental research design was used to conduct this study from November 2019 to May 2020. All experiments were performed in the Department of Pathology of the Services Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Health Sciences (UHS) (animal house), Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 30 albino rats equally divided into three groups were included in the study. Group I (control) was given tap water and a typical rodent pellet diet. Groups II and III (experimental) were fed with copper (heavy metal) at a dose of 0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for 18 weeks on alternate days. At the end of the experiment, the kidneys were extracted from the rats, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and processed for histological observation. Renal histopathological changes were evaluated in terms of edema, inflammation, and fibrosis. Results The collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Renal histopathology in terms of interstitium showed that edema, inflammation, and fibrosis were significantly different in all groups. In Group I, none of the rats had edema, inflammation, and fibrosis, while in Groups II and III, these characteristics were observed; the difference was significant between the experimental and control groups. Conclusions Heavy metals, such as copper, can induce renal parenchymal changes in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in edema, fibrosis, and inflammation.
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