The Atlantic Rainforest is a hotspot of biodiversity, housing several endemic species. Environmental stasis through broad time scales, vast latitudinal extension and landscape heterogeneity are thought to contribute in explaining the greater species richness of this biome. Unfortunately, it is threatened mainly due to anthropic-driven habitat loss. Ectotherms of low-mobility, such as tropical, small soft-bodied railroad-worms, may be especially threatened by anthropogenic climate changes. Many of such species have narrow climatic niches and therefore might become extinct before we know them. Here we describe a new genus endemic of the Atlantic Rainforest mountain ranges, and five spatially disjunct new species. Akamboja gen. nov. is unique by its ten-segmented antenna, IV to VIII with two short symmetrical branches, branches of antennomere IX fused in a singular flabellum, slightly depressed medially; elytron short, surpassing the second to fourth abdominal segment (depending on species); first tarsomere of anterior leg with a ventral comb; claws with six long and asymmetrical teeth; aedeagus with patch of bristles at paramere apex. We provide a key to species as well as illustrations for the diagnostic features. We highlight that Akamboja cleidae sp. nov., as defined here, has a disjunct distribution and its populations are surrounded by an unsuitable environmental matrix, thus are probably reproductively isolated. Future phylogenetic studies should address the evolutionary history and delimitation of this taxon. We also provide a key to genera of Mastinocerinae with ten antennomeres, including Akamboja gen. nov.
A survey of the Cerambycinae species recorded in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, is presented. The data were based on literature, field work and in the collection of the Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Two hundred ninety three species of Cerambycinae are registered, and this represents about 28% of the species that occur in the Atlantic Rainforest. Nineteen new distribution records are registered. Ninety nine species are illustrated. A comparative table showing the respective number of genera and species of Cerambycinae that occur in the Neotropical Region, Atlantic Rainforest and Parque Nacional do Itatiaia is given.
Aos amigos e família que me acolheram em suas casas no momento em que eu havia entregado meu apartamento e sem ter endereço fixo, vivi uma vida cigana. Joice Constantini,
The genus Trachelia was proposed by Audinet-Serville (1834). Trachelia was preoccupied by Trachelia Scopoli, 1769 (Aves). Gistl (1848) proposed two new names for Trachelia: Hippias and Loxodromus. Aurivillius (1912) proposed Trachelissa a new name for Trachelia.
A revision of the genus Trachelissa Aurivillius, 1912, based on a study of external morphology and terminalia, is presented. The genus and its species are redescribed. Five species are recognized, two of which are described as new: T. bella sp. nov. from Bolivia and T. opaca sp. nov. from Argentina. A new host plant for T. maculicollis Audinet-Serville, 1834 is recorded. A key to all species, and their photographs and distribution maps are provided.
The larva and pupa of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824 are described and illustrated. The larva of Nilio (L.) lanatus differs from the other known larvae of the genus mainly by the body elongate covered with black and white hairs, the head with four stemmata and the mesothorax with one pair of ventral annular spiracles. Biological observations were made in Atlantic Forest, in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
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