Abstract:The treated wastewater of Agadir M'zar plant has a good physico-chemical quality and it contains important nutrients (NPK: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). However, the reuse of this water, without disinfecting it, for irrigating the golf grass in the Agadir region, revealed the presence of a bacterial load that can hinder the quality and suitability of spaces for a population that is very demanding. Among the various methods of water disinfection, chlorination with bleach is the least expensive and the most systematically simple. Its effectiveness depends only on the pH of the waters to be disinfected. This study reports the results of disinfection of M'zar plant wastewater with a solution of sodium hypochlorite (bleach), and their reuse for irrigating the golf grass. For this purpose, we carried out a monitoring protocol for germination and growth parameters (number of tillers and leaf length) in order to study and compare the effect of disinfected treated wastewater (DTWW) and groundwater (GW) on the plant turf. The obtained result showed that the disinfection with bleach increased the salinity of the treated wastewater and can affect the permeability of soils and crops.
In order to preserve the quality of water masses and reduce the deterioration of the natural environment, alternative water supplies should be required. The reuse of treated wastewater seems to be a good alternative in agriculture. Our study focuses on the characterization of the physico-chemical effluents (pH, EC, Turbidity, SS, COD, and BOD 5 ) in treated wastewater of M'zar plant in Agadir during one-year cycle. It aimed to study the evolution of these parameters over five years since 2006 in compliance with discharge standards in the natural environment and concerning the safety of water for irrigation. It has been shown that the quality and quantity of wastewater depends essentially on the amount of water consumed by the population, the intensity of industrial activities and tourism according to the seasons. The removal percentage of particulate pollution and oxidizable parameters already mentioned were very satisfactory and range from an average of (97 to 99%). The rate of the Electrical Conductivity (EC) does not change between input and output of plant. The treated wastewater characterized by a high EC (between 3 and 4 dS/m) and it can be a problem for reuse in irrigation.
Au Maroc, pays du pourtour méditerranéen, les ressources en eau sont limitées et inégalement réparties dans l’espace et dans le temps. Agadir, ville du sud du Maroc, fait partie de la région du Souss connue pour ses activités d’agriculture et de pêche. La région est connue par un climat semi-aride et un grand déficit hydrique. Afin de préserver la qualité des masses d’eau et pour diminuer les prélèvements dans le milieu naturel, il convient de chercher des approvisionnements alternatifs. La réutilisation des eaux usées épurées semble être une bonne alternative, notamment en irrigation. Le potentiel actuel des eaux usées traitées par la station d’épuration (STEP) M’Zar du Grand Agadir-Maroc, susceptibles d’être utilisées sans restriction pour l’irrigation (catégorie A suivant les normes de l’OMS : Organisation Mondiale de la Santé), est de 10 000 m3•jr-1. Cette capacité de production permettra de combler entièrement les besoins en eau d’irrigation des espaces verts du Grand Agadir. Cette étude concerne l’évaluation des effets de la réutilisation des eaux usées épurées (EUE) en comparaison avec les eaux de la nappe pour l’irrigation des golfs. Elle présente la planification, le protocole et les résultats du suivi des analyses physicochimiques des lixiviats qui sont menés pour évaluer les effets de la réutilisation des eaux usées épurées, pour l’irrigation des golfs pendant les 60 premiers jours d’irrigation. Les analyses ioniques des lixiviats permettent de conclure que, malgré la grande valeur fertilisante des EUE, une légère salinité a été remarquée, laquelle est accentuée par l’entraînement des sels solubles du sol vers la nappe phréatique lors de l’irrigation par les EUE.
The city of Assa is located in a saharian area characterized by an arid climate and water scarcity. Like any other saharian city in a developing country, the city is facing the challenges of rapid urbanization and the need to improve wastewater treatment and management. The main objective of this work is to assess the performance of waste stabilization ponds in an arid area. This evaluation concerns microbiological and physico-chemical monitoring over three and twelve months respectively. Microbiological results indicate bacterial elimination rates of over 90% in autumn–winter due to the effectiveness of facultative ponds with 20–25 days of retention time, water clarity, ponds depth, and high sunlight exposure and penetration. Physico-chemical parameters surpass the Moroccan standards for reuse except Ph and T0 by 20–30%, this wastewater is relatively loaded with various pollutants, especially high organic load and low oxygen content. Statistical analysis has been made by principal component analysis (PCA), and confirms that dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, COD and BOD5 do not reach the threshold for discharge into the natural environment, and moreover their reuse. For the improvement of the quality of these waters, it is legitimate to provide an upgrade of this plant by a tertiary treatment with maturation ponds.
In many parts of the world, waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) are currently the preferred wastewater treatment method for municipal wastewater. The objective of this research is to examine the performance of a WSP in an arid climate region and to identify ways to improve its purification efficiency so that it can meet the criteria for reuse. The results attributed the poor performance to both improper process and physical design after 12 months of physicochemical and bacteriological analyses, as well as monitoring of operation, maintenance and loading rates. In tertiary treatment, maturation ponds are added, an increase in the capacity of the station, and management of the flow rate and retention time for each pond. By simulating the new WSP with GPS-X, the best pond area ratio obtained is 2.5 m2/capita, with a retention time of 4 days for anaerobic ponds, 20 days for facultative ponds and 3 days for two maturation ponds in series, which is suitable and provides reduction rates of BOD and fecal coliforms of 95 and 99%, respectively, with an average effluent concentration of 20 mg/L and 195 CFU. According to the results, well-maintained WSPs provide a viable, self-sufficient and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment solution for irrigation water supply in dry areas.
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