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Testosterone-related steroid hormones are associated with various types of diseases, including prostate cancer and androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The testosterone or dihydroxy testosterone (DHT) circulates through the blood, binds to the androgen receptor (AR) in the cytoplasm, and finally enters the nucleus to activate downstream target genes. We previously found that immortalized dermal papilla cells (DPCs) lost AR expression, which may be explained by the repeated cell passages of DPCs. To compensate for the AR expression, DPCs that express AR exogenously were established. In this study, we performed an RNA-Seq analysis of the AR-expressing and non-AR-expressing DPCs in the presence or absence of DHT to identify the downstream target genes regulated by AR signalling. Furthermore, we treated DPCs with minoxidil sulphate, which has the potential to treat AGA. This is the first comprehensive analysis to identify the downstream genes involved in testosterone signalling in DPCs. Our manuscript provides high-priority data for the discovery of molecular targets for prostate cancer and AGA.

Sheep are important domestic animals for the production of wool and meat. Although numerous cultured cell lines from humans and mice have been established, the number of cell lines derived from sheep is limited. To overcome this issue, the efficient establishment of a sheep‐derived cell line and its biological characterization is reported. Mutant cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1, and telomerase reverse transcriptase were introduced into sheep muscle‐derived cells in an attempt to immortalize primary cells using the K4DT method. Furthermore, the SV40 large T oncogene was introduced into the cells. The successful immortalization of sheep muscle‐derived fibroblasts was shown using the K4DT method or SV40 large T antigen. Furthermore, the expression profile of established cells showed close biological characteristics of ear‐derived fibroblasts. This study provides a useful cellular resource for veterinary medicine and cell biology.

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