Background: To study the Prevalence of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy and its effect on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. Methods: It was a prospective one year study of pregnancy with thrombocytopenia. The cause of thrombocytopenia and feto-maternal outcomes in pregnancy with thrombocytopenia was studied. Results: Among 1450 deliveries, total 137 women were having thrombocytopenia in third trimester. The commonest etiology was gestational thrombocytopenia (61%). Thrombocytopenia due to severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome in this study was 24%,Placental abruption 9(6.6%), PPH 6(4.3%), Wound hematoma 5(3.6%) were noted. Fetal complications -stillbirth 11(8%), low birth weight 14(10.21%), low APGAR 22(16.2%) and neonatal thrombocytopenia 6(4.3%). Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy did not affect the mode of delivery and pre-term delivery rate. Conclusion: Feto-maternal complications with thrombocytopenia depend primarily on the disease causing it. Gestational thrombocytopenia, preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, malaria, ITP and dengue were the common causes of thrombocytopenia in pregnant. Patients with GT and ITP have better maternal and peri-natal outcomes as compared to preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

Background:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections represent significant public health issues globally. They are important causes of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Patients with HBV/HCV co-infection have a higher risk of progression to cirrhosis and decompensated liver disease and have an increased risk of hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Because the two hepatotropic viruses share same modes of transmission, co-infection with the two viruses is not uncommon, especially in areas with a high prevalence of HCV infection and among people at high-risk for parenteral infection.Aims:To estimate the prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection among hemodialysis patients.Materials and Methods:This retrospective, single centered hospital record-based study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Faridkot (Punjab), India. All the patients who underwent hemodialysis from January 2013 to December 2014 were included in the study. Patients of all age groups were tested for anti-HCV antibodies by fourth Generation HCV Tridot ELISA (J. Mitra & Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India) and for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by Hepalisa (J. Mitra & Co. Pvt. Ltd).Results:Of the total 262 patients on hemodialysis, 88 (33.5%) were found to be having HCV infection, 4 (1.5%) were found to be positive for HBsAg. Co-infection with HBV/HCV was observed in 2 (0.8%) patients. Out of the total 92 patients having HBV and HCV infection, 62 (67.4%) were males and 30 (32.6%) were females. The majority of the patients were found to be of 41-60 years of age (41.3%) followed by 21-40 years (31.5%) and thereafter in 61-80 years (23.9%) and lowest prevalence was observed in the age group of <20 years (2.2%) and >80 years (1.1%).Conclusion:The risk of co-infection is greater among the chronic renal failure (CRF) patients due to the high frequency of transfusions of blood/blood products and extracorporeal circulation during hemodialysis. Patients with HBV/HCV co-infection have a higher risk of progression to cirrhosis and decompensated liver disease and further have an increased risk of HCC. In our study, out of the total 262 patients, 88 (33.5%) were found to be having HCV infection, 4 (1.5%) were found to be positive for HBsAg and dual infection was observed in 2 (0.8%) patients which is higher than the rates reported from different studies all over the world and India.

Introduction:Hypertension and atherosclerosis though separate entities, are interrelated as hypertension plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study was undertaken to study the association of carotid intimal medial thickness with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients.Materials and Methods:Hundred hypertensives (JNC-7, Stage 1 and 2) between 30 and 55 years were enrolled in this prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute of Punjab, India. Electrocardiogram, Carotid Doppler, and Echocardiography were carried out in addition to routine biochemical investigations.Results:Increased carotid intimal medial thickness (CIMT) had statistically significant association with age, duration of hypertension, high systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular mass index but was not associated with body mass index, low-density lipoproteins, and total cholesterol.Conclusions:LVH and arterial wall changes occur concurrently, and therefore, management of hypertension should not be limited just to control of BP but should also include therapy for carotid plaques and increased CIMT.

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