It is customary for modern social psychology textbooks to claim that experimental social psychology began in 1898, the year in which Norman Triplett published the results of his investigation into the dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition. An historical enquiry shows this claim to be quite without foundation, and it is postulated that the Triplett experiment functions as an “origin myth” which is sustained by inductivist approaches to the history of psychology. Early experimental studies of suggestion are here examined in order to demonstrate the difficulties involved in tracing the origins of experimental social psychology.
The literature on the psychological effects of unemployment is reviewed, with particular attention being paid to the somewhat scarce New Zealand literature on the subject. Studies conducted at the macrosocial level are discussed, followed by studies that focus on the individual, with respect to physical health, mental health and psychological well-being, and social attitudes. The differential effect of unemployment on various social groups is examined, and the methodological deficiencies in some of the studies reviewed are summarized. In conclusion, it is suggested that the documented psychological ill-effects of unemployment should make us view rising levels of unemployment with concern.
This book is well written and easily read. It is divided into three main parts. The first part deals in general terms with the areas in which errors tend to occur. The importance of good communication, both written and oral, is repeatedly stressed. The contribution of poor management and of system errors in the creation of problems is not overlooked. The section on legal aspects of errors, including discussion of negligence, consent and confidentiality is concise and clear.The second part consists of 36 case studies. These are interesting and thought provoking, with questions for the reader at significant points in the progress of each case. An expert opinion, legal comment and key learning points are given at the conclusion of each case.Part 3 gives information and advice on responding to complaints, managing mishaps and navigating the hazards of police, court and GMC involvement. Again it is concise and helpful.After sections 1 and 3, and after every case study in section 2, references and suggestions for further reading are given.I would strongly recommend this book to all paediatricians, at all levels. It is well structured, easy to read and informative. I would also like to see medical and non-medical managers reading it, as it puts into perspective the role of system failures that so often contribute significantly to clinical errors. I think that general practitioners would also find it well worth reading.
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