The tyramide signal amplification method is useful for the immunohistochemical detection of low-level NeuGc expression by hepatocellular carcinoma cells. We therefore consider that measurement of serum levels of anti-NeuGc antibodies is clinically meaningful and that anti-NeuGc antibody may be a useful screening test, in combination with AFP and PIVKA-II, for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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