Peripheral vascular malformations are now described according to some accepted guidelines, and the principle of proper treatment (nidus ablation) is becoming clear. An appropriate classification scheme for vascular anomalies and definite indications for treatment are important to successful treatment overall. The findings from noninvasive imaging (ie, Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging) in association with clinical findings are critical in establishing the diagnosis, evaluating the extent of the malformation, and planning appropriate treatment. Direct opacification of the nidus is useful, not only in making a correct diagnosis, but also in treating the lesion with sclerotherapy. In most cases, conservative treatment is recommended, but when a patient suffers clinical complications (eg, ulceration, pain, hemorrhage, cardiac failure, or unacceptable cosmetic consequences), the nidus sclerotherapy becomes mandatory. If the vascular malformation has blood outflow to a drainage vein during nidus opacification, flow control (with balloon occlusion, tourniquet, or embolization) is necessary to achieve sclerosant stasis within the nidus. Embolotherapy (with a coil, n-butyl cyanoacrylate, or small particles) should be used for subsequent multifaceted palliative therapy. A multi-disciplinary approach is needed in the treatment of a high-flow lesion, and a dedicated team approach is necessary for appropriate management in most cases.

The artery of Adamkiewicz was detected in a large percentage of patients in whom there were no spinal complications, unlike the spinal complications that occurred in the patients in whom the artery was not detected.

Emergency helical CT of the thorax depicts findings that are highly accurate in the evaluation of acute type A AD and IMH.

We report the high-resolution CT (HRCT) and MR findings in a case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. HRCT revealed that the black pleural line on a chest radiograph was caused not by subpleural cysts but by a fat-dense layer between ribs and the calcified parenchyma. MRI showed both lower zones with diffusely increased signal intensity on T1-weighted images. We speculated it was caused by the accumulation of small-sized calcific particles.

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