Carboxymethyl cellulose from nata de coco, referred to as carboxymethyl-nata (CMN), was prepared by two cycles of mercerization and etherification. Coatings containing 1% and 2% CMN were applied on bell peppers to evaluate the effect of the polysaccharide coating on the post-harvest life of the fruits. The fruits were stored at 25 degrees C. During storage, the color change in CMN-coated fruits was slower than in the control and blank fruits (coated with additives only). CMN-coated fruits maintained firmness and had lower weight loss, total soluble solids content and titratable acidity than the control and blank. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content increased from day 0 to day 15. CMN-coated fruits had lower total phenolic content than the control and blank at day 15. Values at day 15 did not indicate the retardation of antioxidant activity in the 1% CMN-coated fruits. Results indicated that CMN coatings reduced the rate of ripening.
Antimicrobial-guided fractionation and isolation of the bioactive compounds from the stem bark of Drimys arfakensis Gibbs. were carried out. Two antibacterial compounds were isolated. The sructures of the antibacterial compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 2-D NMR, ESI-MS and EI-MS. Based on the spectroscopic data, the two antibacterial compounds were velutin, 1 and 4-(hydroxyl(oxiran-2-yl)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol, 2. Compound 1 exhibited low activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (B-1823) with MIC value of 250 g ⋅ mL −1 , while compound 2 possesses strong activity against S. aureus (MRSA) (B-1823) with MIC value of 15.60 g ⋅ mL −1 .No activity of both compounds against Escherichia coli (B-1634) and Candida albicans (B-2219) was observed.
The study investigated the use of native type (Batek) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) stalk particles from two different mesh sizes – passing 100 mesh but retained at 200 mesh coded as N-100m (74–149 µm) and passing 200 mesh coded as N-200m (< 74 µm) – as additive with both extender and filler property, as well as formaldehyde scavenging property in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins adhesive formulation used to bond veneers [Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes] into plywood. The effect of tobacco stalk particle (TSP) size on adhesion performance, tensile shear strength (TSS), and wood failure (wF), as well as formaldehyde emission (FE) of three-ply plywood, was investigated and compared with traditional additives such as wheat flour (WF), coconut shell flour (CS), and rice hull flour (RH). The glue-mix containing UF resins with TSP at 8% by mass was blended very well. There is no difference in the TSS and wF of plywood bonded with N-200m TSP as additive compared to commercial UF formulations; however, a significant decrease of TSS and wF was observed with N-100m. The addition of N-200m significantly reduced FE by 23%, 33%, and 44% compared to those of WF-CS, WF-RH, and N-100m, respectively.
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