Effect of Tobacco Stalk Additive Particle Size on the Bond Strength and Formaldehyde Emission of Urea Formaldehyde Bonded Plywood

Abstract

The study investigated the use of native type (Batek) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) stalk particles from two different mesh sizes – passing 100 mesh but retained at 200 mesh coded as N-100m (74–149 µm) and passing 200 mesh coded as N-200m (< 74 µm) – as additive with both extender and filler property, as well as formaldehyde scavenging property in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins adhesive formulation used to bond veneers [Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes] into plywood. The effect of tobacco stalk particle (TSP) size on adhesion performance, tensile shear strength (TSS), and wood failure (wF), as well as formaldehyde emission (FE) of three-ply plywood, was investigated and compared with traditional additives such as wheat flour (WF), coconut shell flour (CS), and rice hull flour (RH). The glue-mix containing UF resins with TSP at 8% by mass was blended very well. There is no difference in the TSS and wF of plywood bonded with N-200m TSP as additive compared to commercial UF formulations; however, a significant decrease of TSS and wF was observed with N-100m. The addition of N-200m significantly reduced FE by 23%, 33%, and 44% compared to those of WF-CS, WF-RH, and N-100m, respectively.

Qualitative and Quantitative Investigation of Biochar-Cu0 Composite for Nickel Adsorption

“…The 3% weight loss up to 130 °C was attributed to the release of water from CSB-nZVCu. 23 The breakdown of lignin and carbohydrates takes place in the range of 300−700 °C which is supported by the appearance of a broad endothermic DSC curve in this range 24 as indicated by the 25% weight loss in this region. The slower weight loss after 700 °C that is also accompanied by an exothermic DSC curve beyond this temperature can be due to the oxidation of zerovalent copper to copper oxide (volatile) or breakdown of organic matter, which results in weight loss as well as in the release of heat.…”

Effect of glueline treatment using tobacco stalk and leaf midrib additives on the bond strength and termite resistance of urea-formaldehyde bonded plywood

“…The use of tobacco flour in the glue-mixes may be beneficial in terms of improved bond strength and reduction of formaldehyde emission (Jimenez and Acda 2018; Jimenez et al 2020). The nicotine and other extractives in the tobacco flour may act as glue-line treatment to provide protection against termites.…”

“…Previous works (Jimenez and Acda 2018; Jimenez et al 2020) showed that stalks of native tobacco (Batek) are suitable additive for urea-formaldehyde (UF) glue-mix. However, plywood bonded by those glue-mix formulations has not been tested for TR.…”