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Our results suggest that there is a significant relationship between VEGF and IL-6 levels in aqueous humor and in vitreous fluid. Measurement of the aqueous levels of VEGF and IL-6 may be useful to analyze the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and to predict disease activity.

Aim To investigate whether the aqueous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are correlated to the vitreous levels of these substances and to the severity of macular oedema in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods Aqueous and vitreous samples were obtained during cataract and vitreous surgery from 24 patients (24 eyes) with macular oedema in BRVO. The VEGF and IL-6 levels in aqueous humour, vitreous fluid, and plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The degree of retinal ischaemia was evaluated in terms of the area of capillary nonperfusion using the Scion Image. The severity of macular oedema was evaluated using the OCT. Results The aqueous level of VEGF was significantly correlated with the vitreous level of VEGF (Po0.0001). Vitreous levels of VEGF and IL-6 were significantly correlated with the nonperfusion area of BRVO (Po0.0001, P ¼ 0.0061, respectively), as were the aqueous levels of VEGF and IL-6 (Po0.0001, P ¼ 0.0267, respectively). Furthermore, the vitreous levels of VEGF and IL-6 and the aqueous level of VEGF were significantly correlated with the severity of macular oedema of BRVO (P ¼ 0.0001, P ¼ 0.0331, P ¼ 0.0272, respectively). Conclusion Our results suggest that the aqueous level of VEGF may reflect its vitreous level. Measurement of the aqueous level of VEGF may be clinically useful to indicate the severity of macular oedema with BRVO.

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The levels of VEGF and IL-6 are increased in patients with macular edema with BRVO and are significantly correlated with the size of the nonperfusion area and the severity of macular edema. Therefore, they may play a role in macular edema with BRVO.