Glioma stem cells (GSCs) have the capacity to repopulate tumors and mediate resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The Notch signaling pathway is important in proliferation, stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis in GSCs. In this study, we compared CD133, Notch, and VEGF expressions in histological sections of primary and recurrent glioblastomas after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In vitro study, the γ-secretase inhibitor inhibited NICD, Hes1 and pVEGFR2 expressions in GSCs. GSCs cultured under endothelial conditions undergo endothelial differentiation. Tumor samples were collected from 27 patients at the time of tumor recurrence. We used immunohistochemical techniques to compare expression of CD133, Notch-1 and VEGF. Expressions of CD133-, Notch-1-, and VEGF-positive glioma cells were higher in recurrent glioblastoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. To determine the clinical importance of Notch-1 expression in glioblastoma, we analyzed 15 patients who had received bevacizumab therapy followed by a second surgery at recurrence. OS was significantly longer in cases with Notch-1 negativity (8.8 months) than in those with I Notch-1 positivity (6.8 months). We noted that GSCs have the potential for endothelial differentiation with Notch activity. We believe that Notch-1 is a potential target and/or biomarker for antiangiogenic treatments.
The present study demonstrated that LLLT was an effective form of treatment for radial nerve palsy. In addition, patients were advised to avoid any incorrect posture which might induce radial nerve palsy.
A 14-year-old was girl admitted to our hospital with a subcutaneous mass of the occipital head. The mass had grown for 6 years, after she had sustained a head injury at the age of 6, and was located directly under a previous wound. Skull X-ray Photograph (xp), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a bony defect and cystic changes in the skull corresponding to a subcutaneous mass. Bone scintigraphy revealed partial accumulation. The patient underwent total removal of the skull mass, and the diagnosis from the pathological findings of the cyst wall was fibrous dysplasia (FD). The radiographic findings for cystic cranial FD can be various. Progressive skull disease has been reported to be associated with head trauma, but the relationship between cranial FD and head trauma has not been previously reported. Previous studies have suggested that c-fos gene expression is a key mechanism in injury-induced FD.
Background and Aims: Chronic foot and ankle joint pain is one of the most frequent complaints which is regularly seen in the out-patient clinic of our medical institute. In previous studies we have reported on the benefits of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for chronic pain in the elbow, hand, finger and the lower back. The present study examined the effects of LLLT on chronic foot and ankle joint pain. Materials and Methods: Over the past 5 years, 17 subjects visited the out-patient clinic with complaints of chronic foot and ankle joint pain of a variety of aetiologies. The patients received LLLT using a 1000 mW semi-conductor laser device, delivering 20.1 J/cm² per point at 830 nm in continuous wave. Each patient was given four shots per session per foot twice a week for 4 weeks. Results: A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to determine the effects of LLLT for the chronic pain and after the end of the treatment regimen a significant improvement was observed (p < 0.01). All but 2 of the patients showed improvement: excellent (2) and good (13). After treatment, no significant differences were observed in the ankle joint range of motion, however. Discussions with the patients revealed that it was important for them to learn how to avoid overuse of the ankle when walking, poor walking posture and a poor pacing technique that would caused them foot and ankle pain in everyday life. Following these postural guidelines could ensure continuous benefits from the treatment. Conclusion:The present study demonstrated that LLLT was an effective form of treatment for chronic foot and ankle joint pain, in conjunction with postural education during all activities of daily living.
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