Latar belakang. Masalah yang timbul pada menstruasi seperti dismenorea merupakan masalah ginekologi yang sering dialami remaja putri. Walaupun demikian jarang remaja mencari pertolongan dokter, pada umumnya teman wanita dan orangtua menjadi tempat mencari nasehat. Ketersediaan informasi mengenai hal ikhwal menstruasi dan permasalahannya, khususnya dismenorea merupakan hal yang penting untuk perkembangan pelayanan kesehatan remaja.Tujuan. Mengetahui gambaran dismenore pada remaja putri di SMPN 3 Manado.Metode. Desain studi deskriptif potong lintang, pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif dilakukan pada bulan September 2009, dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Subjek penelitian adalah siswi SMPN 3 Manado yang sudah menstruasi.Hasil. Dua ratus dua responden masuk dalam penelitian, 199 responden (98,5%) di antaranya pernah mengalami dismenorea. Sebagian besar responden (94,5%) mengalami nyeri ringan dan 40,7% remaja putri mengalami dismenorea disertai dengan gejala penyerta. Meski merupakan suatu masalah, 82% remaja hanya membiarkan saja saat nyeri timbul atau hanya minum air hangat dan menekan bagian yang sakit (40,2%), dan hanya 5,5% berobat ke dokter. Para remaja mencari pertolongan ke orangtua (37,2%) mengenai masalah yang timbul dan hanya 6,9% dari remaja putri yang mencari pertolongan ke dokter. Sumber informasi tentang dismenorea sebagian besar berasal dari teman wanita (76,7%) dan orangtua (14,4%).Kesimpulan. Sebagian besar responden pernah mengalami dismenorea. Umumnya informasi tentang dismenorea paling banyak didapatkan dari teman wanita dan orangtua. Saat mengalami dismenore sebagian besar remaja meminta pertolongan kepada orangtua. Edukasi kesehatan tentang masalah menstruasi penting untuk remaja dan orangtuanya, dan perlunya evaluasi rutin masalah menstruasi oleh para klinisi.

Background Inadequate sleep may affect mental, emotional, and

No abstract

There are many factors that can influence students' vocabulary mastery in foreign language learning. This study aims to determine the relationship between logical thinking skills and students' mastery of German vocabulary. Research is an experimental study involving only the experimental class without the control class. Data collection techniques are done through writing test and logical thinking test in the form of Intelligent Structure Test (IST). The sample in this study were 21 high school students selected through random sampling techniques. The results of the analysis of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the ability to think logically with students' mastery of German vocabulary. Students who have good critical thinking skills, tend to more easily remember and understand new vocabulary in learning foreign languages. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/eralingua PENDAHULUANPenguasaan kosakata bagi pembelajar bahasa asing adalah hal yang sangat penting karena mempengaruhi kemampuan berbahasa lainnya baik itu kemampuan reseptif maupun kemampuan produktif (Abrar dkk., 2018;Hidayati, 2018; Madya dkk., 2018;Schmitt, 2019). Jika pembelajar tidak memiliki penguasaan kosakata yang baik, maka siswa akan megalami kesulitan dalam menyimak, berbicara, menulis dan membaca. Semakin banyak kosakata yang dikuasai oleh pembelajar maka tingkat penguasaan keempat kompetensi tersebut semakin menunjukkan kualitas siswa tersebut.Jumlah kosa-kata bahasa Jerman yang harus dikuasai siswa seperti yang tertulis dalam kompetensi dasar, kompetensi inti, dan indikator mata pelajaran bahasa Jerman yaitu untuk kelas X semester 1 menguasai kurang lebih 250 kosa-kata, semester 2 kurang lebih 550 kosakata, kelas XI semester 1 kurang lebih 800 kosakata, semester 2 kurang lebih 1000 kosakata. Sedangkan Dryden dan Vos (Samaa, 2015) menyatakan bahwa jumlah kosakata yang diharapkan sebanyak 1000-3000 kosakata dasar secara pasif agar siswa mampu menggunakan bahasa asing yang mereka pelajari. Maka dari itu, salah satu hal yang harus difokuskan guru dalam pengajaran bahasa asing adalah bagaimana agar siswa menguasai kosa kata sebanyak mungkin.Penelitian yang fokus dalam meningkatkan penguasaan kosa kata siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa asing telah banyak dilakukan oleh peneliti-peneliti sebelumnya (Sahrin & Hasan, 2019; Feng dkk., 2019;Hussain, 2018;Nasution, 2018). Penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan dalam

and time of sleep. Decreased melatonin levels have been noted in people with sleep disorders. Melatonin is a neurohormone, produced mainly by the pineal gland, as well as a small part of the retina. Its function is to maintain normal circadian rhythms and it is related to sleep regulation in humans.Objective To assess for a relationship between melatonin levels and sleep disorders in adolescents.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on students of two secondary schools in Tuminting, Manado, North Sulawesi, from May to June 2013. Subjects were obtained by consecutive sampling for a total of 44 adolescents aged 12-15 years. Subjects filled questionnaires, underwent wrist actigraphy, and provided blood specimens for examination of melatonin levels. We used descriptive and logistic regression analyses to assess for relationships between variables.Results Thirty (68.2%) subjects experienced sleep disorders. There was a significant association between decreased melatonin levels and the higher incidence of sleep disturbances (P = 0.02).Conclusion There is a correlation between melatonin levels in adolescents with sleep disorders. Decreased melatonin levels are associated with sleep disorders.

Increased formula feeding was caused by lack of knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding, low education, aggressive promotion of infant formula, and support from health care professionals. The are several cases where the infants given formula due to several conditions, like mother is unable to produce milk, small amount of milk production, absence of nipple appearance, post-op pain, pain during breastfeeding. The following study aims to determine what factors affecting Giving Infant Formula Milk Treated in Postpartum Room Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This study is a descriptive design with direct interview approach. The population in this research were all treated in the maternal postpartum Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. Conclusion: The results obtained from 50 respondents show that 66% has a good knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding, 66% says that health care professional support given infant formula, 100% says that their closest relatives support given breastfeeding, 34% is affected the promotion of infant formula, and 34% are women without complaints of breastfeeding hindrance factor. This study recommends that mothers / parents cooperate with health care professionals cooperation in order to increase the success rate of breastfeeding.Keywords: infant formula, breastfeedingAbstrak: Meningkatnya pemberian susu formula disebabkan pengetahuan kurang mengenai manfaat ASI, pendidikan yang rendah, agresifnya promosi susu formula, dukungan petugas kesehatan. Adapun bayi yang diberikan susu formula karena beberapa kondisi ibu yang mengeluh tidak keluarnya ASI, ASI kurang, puting tidak muncul, sakit bekas operasi, nyeri saat menyusui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor-Faktor Apa yang mempengaruhi Pemberian Susu Formula pada Bayi yang Dirawat di Ruang Nifas RSUP Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan wawancara langsung. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu melahirkan dirawat di ruang nifas RSUP Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari 50 responden diketahui bahwa 66% pengetahuan baik mengenai manfaat ASI, 66% petugas kesehatan mendukung pemberian susu formula, 100% orang terdekat mendukung pemberian ASI, 34% terpengaruh promosi susu formula, 34% kondisi ibu dengan tanpa keluhan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar ibu/orang tua dengan petugas kesehatan adanya kerjasama dalam keberhasilan pemberian ASI.Kata kunci: susu formula, ASI

Background Children with language delay have deficits in the ability to learn and use language, either expressive and/or receptive despite otherwise normal development. Language delay could be influenced by either internal factors (within the child) and external factors (from the environment). Timely identification and modification of these risk factors can allow early intervention to reduce child disability and are associated with better long-term outcomes. Objective To identify possible risk factors related to language delay in children, such as bilingualism, socioeconomic status, maternal and caregiver education level, use of digital media, absence of story reading sessions, breastfeeding patterns, siblings, parenting methods, and maternal occupation. Methods This observational, analytic study included 102 children aged 24-36 months from four daycare centers in Manado, North Sulawesi, selected by cluster random sampling. Parents were interviewed to gather demographic information of child age, gender, presence of older siblings, maternal occupation, socioeconomic status, maternal/caregiver educational level, use of digital media, absence of story reading sessions, breastfeeding patterns, parenting methods, and bilingual environment. Children’s language development was assessed by the Capute Scales. Results Multivariate analysis revealed 2 factors significantly associated with increased risk of language delay; namely absence of storybook reading (OR=0.16; 95%CI 0.03 to 0.72; P=0.017) and bilingualism (OR=12.58; 95%CI 1.57 to 100.81; P=0.017). Conclusion Story reading sessions is associated with decreased risk of language delay, shile bilingualism is associatd with increased risk of language delay.

Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the causes of infant mortality in Indonesia. One of the problems related to the maturity of digestive tract function in LBW infants is gastroesophageal reflux (GER) due to dysfunction of lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Gastroesophageal reflux is a physiological condition among infants under the age of 12 months. Albeit, it requires a special attention for LBW infants in order not to suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) which will affect growth and development. This study was aimed to determine the correlation between LBW and GER. This was an analytical observational study with a case-control design; each group consisted of 30 respondents. Respondents were mothers of children aged 0-2 years obtained by using purposive sampling at three primary health cares at Malalayang from September until November 2016. Infant gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire (I-GERQ) was used as instrument in this study. The result showed a significant correlation between LBW and GER groups (p=0.034) and OR 2.615. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between LBW and GER. Low Birth Weight had a higher risk to suffer from GER. Woman are expected to give more attention for their health and nutrition during pregnancy to prevent LBW births.Keywords: BBLR, RGE, SEB, children Abstrak: Bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) ialah salah satu penyebab kematian bayi di Indonesia karena kondisi tubuh yang belum stabil sehingga menimbulkan masalah pada sistem atau organ tubuh. Salah satu masalah terkait kematangan fungsi saluran cerna ialah refluks gastroesofagus (RGE) dimana terjadi disfungsi sfingter esofagus bawah (SEB). RGE merupakan kondisi fisiologik pada usia <12 bulan. Pada BBLR dibutuhkan perhatian khusus agar tidak berlanjut menjadi penyakit refluks gastroesofagus (PRGE) yang akan memengaruhi tumbuh kembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara BBLR dan kejadian RGE. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional dengan studi kasus control, masing-masing terdiri dari 30 responden. Responden ialah ibu yang memiliki anak berusia 0-2 tahun diperoleh dengan metode purposive sampling pada tiga puskesmas di Kecamatan Malalayang bulan September hingga November 2016. Instrumen penelitian berdasarkan Infant-Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (I-GERQ). Hasil penelitian dari kelompok kasus dan kontrol menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara BBLR dan kejadian RGE (p=0,034) dengan Odds Ratio 2,615. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara BBLR dan kejadian RGE. BBLR memiliki risiko 2,6 kali mengalami RGE. Ibu hamil diharapkan lebih memperhatikan kesehatan dan asupan gizi untuk mencegah kelahiran BBLR. Kata kunci: BBLR, RGE, SEB, anak