Background: Laparoscopy induces adhesion due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the detail pathomechanism is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of laparoscopy on mast cell and mesothelium morphological changes in the rat. Methods: Forty-nine males of Sprague-Dawley Rattus norvegicus were divided into four groups: a) control and b) intervention groups P1, P2, and P3 that underwent 60 min laparoscopic using carbon dioxide (CO 2) insufflation at 8, 10, and 12 mmHg groups, respectively. Serum hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were determined 24 h after laparoscopy. Histopathological analyses of mast cell infiltration and degranulation and mesothelium thickness in the liver, greater omentum, mesenterium, small intestine, and peritoneum were performed 7 days after the procedure. Results: H 2 O 2 , MDA, and OSI levels were significantly increased in the intervention groups compared with the control (p<0.05), while the SOD and CAT levels were decreased in the intervention groups compared with the control (p<0.05). Mast cell infiltration and degranulation were higher in the intervention groups than in control (p< 0.05), while the mesothelium thickness was significantly lower in the laparoscopic groups than in control (p<0.05). Interestingly, the decrease in mesothelium thickness was strongly associated with the increase in mast cell infiltration and degranulation (p<0.01). Conclusions: Our study shows that laparoscopy in rats increases mast cell infiltration and degranulation, which also results in and correlates with a decrease in mesothelial thickness.
Indonesia has the second largest tropical forest and the richest in flora biodiversity in the world. Based on the Basic Health Research 2010, 59.29% of Indonesian had consumed herbal medicine, noted that Indonesian had consumed herb since the VIII century. Dayak onion (Eleutherine sp) widely used as traditional medicine, as a bahimang /wound healing agent. Dayak onion is not reassured as a medical treatment and lacked scientific evidence. Until 2018, thousands of herbs consumed by Indonesian, only 85 ingredients clinically tested. Sixty-four herbs have been pre-clinically tested and designated as Scientific based Herbal Medicines/Obat Herbal Terstandar (OHT) and 21 herbs have been tested clinically and determined as Phytopharmaca by the Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia (BPOM-RI). Based on the data, the Dayak onion appointed as a Scientific based Herbal medicine (OHT) based on pre-clinical and phase 0 clinical research. Potential and promising for the treatment of metabolic, degenerative, catastrophic, neoplasmic, genetic and infectious diseases, Dayak onions can be developed into phytopharmaca in the future. The study aim is to make guidelines for the standardized herbal medicines development according to the rules and regulations. Keywords: Dayak Onion, Eleutherine sp, Scientific based Herbal Medicines, Phytopharmaca, Pre Clinic and Clinical Trials phases
Background Laparoscopic procedures under certain pressure have the potential to cause intra-abdominal adhesions. However, the pathomechanism of this disorder is unknown. Release of mast cell mediators due to mast cell degranulation is thought to be the cause. Materials and methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into five groups (n = 6 per group): one control group and four intervention groups to which 60 min insufflation was performed using carbon dioxide at 5, 8, 10 and 12 mmHg. Seven days after laparoscopy, we euthanized and evaluated the levels of histamine, tryptase, and chymase of peritoneal fluid, the thickness of ECM of peritoneal tissue, and intraabdominal adhesion scoring system. Results Histamine and tryptase levels in peritoneal fluid were significantly higher at the 10- and 12 mm Hg intervention compared to control (histamine: 0.50 ± 0.35 vs. 0.41 ± 0.41 vs. 0.04 ± 0.02 ng/mL, respectively; and tryptase: 0.69 ± 0.11 vs. 0.65 ± 0.05 vs. 0.48 ± 0.02 ng/ml respectively). The ECM was significantly thicker in the intervention groups at 10- and 12-mm Hg compared to control (71.3 [66.7–85.2] vs. 48.4 [34.5–50.3] vs. 10.25 [8.7–12.1] μm, respectively). Moreover, the intra-abdominal scoring was also significantly higher in the intervention groups at 10- and 12 mm Hg compared to control (4 [0–4] vs. 4.5 [4–5], vs. 0, respectively). Conclusions Laparoscopic procedures increase the release of mast cell mediators in peritoneal fluid, the thickness of ECM and intraabdominal adhesion scoring in rats, implying that it might increase the possibility of intrabdominal adhesion in humans.
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