The local head election in Indonesia suffers from vote buying. However, there is a lack of study compared to vote-buying case in Indonesia, especially quantitative study. Therefore, this study aims to fill the gap. The purpose is to estimate the effect of individual and community characteristics on the probability of voter to consider money or gifts in a local head election. This study uses the data from Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS5) conducted in 2014/2015 for 29,788 respondents. As the response is a binary data, the Linear Probability Model (LPM) and logit model is utilized. The result shows that both individual and community characteristics affect vote buying in Indonesia. Voters with tertiary education are far less likely to consider money or gift by 29.1% than others. By using logit test, the coefficient is corrected. Voters with a university degree tend to not engage in vote buying by 0.27 times than the others. This study finds other interesting findings that gender matter in vote buying in Indonesia. Female voters tend to consider money or gift more than male by 2.44%. Voters who live in rural areas have a higher probability to consider vote buying by 4.55%. Living in the internet-connected community may reduce the probability of vote buying. The coefficient indicates that those with internet access have less probability to consider money or gift in an election by 1.35%. Living in a community with high social awareness makes voters less vulnerable to vote-buying. The coefficient indicates that they have less possibility to consider money by 2.44% than those living in communities with less social awareness. Thus, the strategy to eliminate vote buying should be adjusted to the character of voters in a certain community.
Decentralization is expected to reduce poverty. Through fiscal decentralization, poverty may be reduced by optimizing intergovernmental grants. However, its effect on poverty is beginning to be questioned after some districts in Indonesia showed slowing performance on poverty reduction despite increasing transfer. Thus, this paper tends to investigate the linkage of intergovernmental transfer (IT) and poverty in Indonesia. By using panel data from 2005 to 2013, the linkage is tested using linear regression model. The result shows that increasing 1% of IT allocation will reduce poverty absolute by 0.12%, or 10% increase of IT will reduce poverty by 1.24%. The intergovernmental transfer also directly affects poverty gap and poverty rate. Increasing 10% of IT will reduce the poverty gap and poverty rate by 9.49% and 31.73%, respectively. Moreover, DAU (unconditional intergovernmental transfer) has a higher effect than DAK (conditional intergovernmental transfer) on poverty eradication. An increase of DAU by 1% will reduce the poverty number by 0.068%, in contrast, DAK only has 0.0418% to reduce poverty. However, as the difference is relatively small, the effectiveness of DAU on poverty is not consistent with the decentralization theory. Unconditional grant must have a significant difference than conditional grant on poverty. It may indicate that the DAU has been spent ineffectively and inefficiently. It may also indicate that it has been spent on not pro-poor policies. Thus, fiscal decentralization in Indonesia needs to be reevaluated in order to support poverty alleviation program.
The prevalence of student smokers has been increasing in Banda Aceh City recently. The presence of cigarette advertisements near schools is believed to be one of the causes. However, there is a lack of study for this issue. This study tries to calculate the effect of cigarette advertisements around schools on the smoking activities of students. This research is conducted in the city of Banda Aceh with a total sample of 365 students. We use the Linear Probability Model to estimate the effect by assuming that smoking behaviour is a factor of individual, household and environmental characteristics of students. The result shows that cigarette advertising has a positive and significant effect on the smoking behaviour of high school students in Banda Aceh. The presence of cigarette billboards near the school increases the probability of students' smoking behaviour by 12.4%, whereas the presence of banners causes an increase in the probability by 18.4%. It shows that 41% of the samples are smokers or had smoked before with 37% daily smokers and 59% occasional smokers. Through in-depth interviews, this study finds that having a smoker father or brother as well as friend increases the willingness of students to be smoker. Therefore, the local government should undertake a policy to ban cigarette advertisements in order to reduce the students' risk of being smokers. The government must also promote the creation of smoke-free families to reduce the possibility of increasing student smoker rate.
Dana desa meningkatkan kapasitas fiskal desa sehingga dapat digunakan untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat. Pengalokasian dan pemanfaatan yang tepat dapat mengurangi permasalahan desa,seperti kemiskinan. Akan tetapi, peningkatan dana desa belum sepenuhnya menunjukkan keberhasilan terhadap kondisi kemiskinan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh dana desa terhadap kemiskinan di Aceh. Sebanyak 13 kabupaten/kota di Aceh diobservasi selama tiga tahun yaitu 2015 sampai 2017. Pengujian data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dana desa berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan tingkat kemiskinan di Aceh. Peningkatan dana desa sebesar 1 persen dapat mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan di Aceh sebesar 0,316 persen. Hasil estimasi tersebut signifikan pada level 95 persen. Oleh sebab itu, dana desa merupakan instrumen kebijakan yang tepat dalam pengurangan kemiskinan di Aceh.
This research aims to identify types of media used by the Acehnese people in seeking information about COVID-19, and people’s perceptions and responses to the information that increases their likelihood of the risk of the pandemic. This study employs a quantitative approach, in which an online survey distributed through social media. All 324 respondents gave their consent to participate in filling out the research questionnaire. The study found that Acehnese people prefer online media and television (TV) to receive information about COVID-19, especially when people can access the information online (streaming). The finding indicates that people tend to trust information obtained through the media more than direct information (face to face) conveyed by the government. Regarding the public responses, this study found that most respondents argue the lack of government action in disseminating information about COVID-19. It is believed that this condition is likely to bring up false information (hoax) from untrustworthy information sources. This response has an impact on the level of public trust towards the government as the main source of information in handling the pandemic. Respondents claim that the local government has a slow response in providing information about people who are infected by the virus, including insufficient information on the intervention of prevention and treatment carried out to stop the spread of the virus.
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