Timber utilization is mostly affected by wood chemical composition and its natural durability in certain condition. This paper studies chemical composition and under shade natural durability of eight wood species originated from Banten and West Java Provinces. Chemical composition was tested based on Norman and Jenkins' methods, SNI 14-0492-1989 and SNI 14-1032-1989 and the wood natural durability test was conducted outdoor under the shade. Result shows that in general wood chemical composition of eight wood species tested is approximately in average of those in broad leaf trees. Among the wood samples studied, the highest holocellulose content was recorded from baros wood (Michelia champaca L.) which was about 75.64% and the lowest holocellulose content was recorded from pasang taritih wood (Lithocarpus elegans Blume Hatus ex Supadmo) which was about 60.19%. In term of lignin content, the highest percentage was recorded from pasang taritih wood, which was about 35.14% and it is comparable with those of ki hiyang (Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth.) wood, which was about 25.35%. The greatest extractive content was recorded from tarisi wood (Albizia lebbeck (L) Benth), which was about 7.9%, while extractive content nemely tangkalang wood (Litsea roxburghii Hassk) falled into 1.54%. Under the shade durability test showed pasang taritih wood performed second class durability (class II), while the other seven wood species of tarisi, ki hiyang, hanja, cerei, tangkalang, baros, and kapinango were extremly non durable (class V).
Investigation was conduct to determine the chemical composition of Cymbopogon nardus oil (CNO). Firstly, the leaves of CNO was characterized on its macro nutrient. Distillation was carried out on C. nardus leaves which were air dried conditioning for previous 24 hours. CNO was then analyzed using GCMS Pyrolysis Type Shimadzu QP2010. The nutrient laboratory test found that C.nardus leaves have water content 11.15%, C organic 25.30%, total N 0.77%, C/N ratio (33.00%), total P (0.40%) and total K (1.08%). Literature study on benefit uses were carrying on previous study. A total of 29 active compounds have been identified and quantified by GCMS Shimadzu QP2010. Predominant constituent among them: ammonium carbamate (18.26%), carbinol (13.57%), neophytadiene (11.65%), transgeraniol (6.92%), phenol-methoxy (6.15%), norolean (4.93%), benzofuran (3.9%), guaiacol (3.23%), hexadecen-phytol (3.1%), beta-citronellol (2.69%), trans-caryophyllene (2.61%), alpha.-humulene (2.45%) and valerol (2.38%). A diverse spectrum benefit among: bactericidal activity (BA), anti-fungal, anti-free radicals, waste degradation (agricultural, faecal), insect repellents and natural staple preservation.The constituents of CNO active compound varied related habitat, distillation and analysis method. Agreement among researchers on predominant compounds: citral, citronellal, geranyl acetate, geraniol and citronellol to be responsible compounds on a broad of benefit.
Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the high-quality wood-producing trees. Large trees, straight trunk, large leafy, with the height reach 30-40 m. The nature and characteristics of teak trees usually drop their leaves every dry season, and this will cause problems for the surrounding community because the dry leaves fall into waste and have not been utilized properly. Waste of dried teak leaves will accumulate under the stands of teak trees, and in the dry season can be a trigger for forest fires. the teak leaves contain 48.51% bounded carbon, 6.61% moisture content, 31.72% ash content, 13.17% volatile content, and density 0.65 g/cm. In addition, teak leaves also contain flavonoid compounds, protein, nine phenolic acid or tannin compounds as well as crude fiber content covered in lignin of 22.9. Based on the content in the dry teak leaf litter waste, this paper presents an effort to use it into a number of useful products, one of which is the utilization of dry teak leaf litter waste for liquid smoke, and several other uses carried out by communities around the teak forest such as for charcoal briquettes, compost, medicine, and animal feed. Analysis of liquid smoke was carried out at the Integrated Laboratory of the Forest Products Research and Development Center using the Pyrolysis GCMS method. Meanwhile, other results are a review of several studies conducted by the community.
A bactericidal property of Cymbopogon nardus oil (CNO) has been investigated in the previous study. This study aimed to confirm the bactericidal activity of Cymbopogon nardus against different bacteria strains. CNO with the concentration of 1%, 3% and 8% were injected into 100 mL canned tubes. Each sample was diluted by hard water and added with a bacterial suspension test in the presence of interfering substance. The mixture was maintained at 20 °C for 5 min. Water shall be new distilled water-not demineralized water. At the end of contact time, an aliquot was taken, and bactericidal activity was immediately neutralized by the diluted-neutralization method. Neutralizers used in this study were: peptone 10 gL−1, beef extract 5 gL−1, NaCl 5 gL−1, soy lecithin 1 gL−1 and polysorbate 80 20 gL−1; while the interfering substance was 0.3 gL−1 bovine albumin for clean conditions. The number of cells in the bacterial suspension test per treatment was 1.54 x 108 cfu mL−1. It was verified that there was no toxic active chemical compounds found after the application of neutralizer and dilution-neutralization method. The output of this study was a bactericidal against strains: Escherichia coli (ATCC®10536™), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus (ATCC®6538™) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC®14028™).
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