AbstrakPenelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana peran Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) Indonesia dan Global Qurban sebagai salah satu program unggulannya di tingkat global. ACT adalah organisasi nirlaba profesional yang memfokuskan kerja-kerja kemanusiaan akibat bencana alam dan konflik kemanusiaan. Wilayah kerja ACT di skala global diawali dengan kiprah dalam setiap tragedi kemanusiaan di berbagai belahan dunia seperti bencana alam, kelaparan dan kekeringan, konflik dan peperangan, termasuk penindasan terhadap kelompok minoritas berbagai negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini tergolong dalam penelitian Fenomenologis yang mencari makna dari sebuah realitas sosial dari sudut pandang manusia di dalamnya-Aksi Cepat Tanggap. Penelitian ini menggunakan enam pendekatan konseptual untuk mengeksplorasi temuantemuan penelitian diantaranya Global Qurban Aksi Cepat Tanggap dari sudut pandang (i) gerakan sosial, (ii) masyarakat internasional, (iii) pembangunan dan pengembangan, (iv) rezim dan kebijakan, (v) pemanfaatan media sosial, dan dari sudut pandang (vi) kajian jaringan advokasi transnasional. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bantuan kemanusiaan-dan juga isu-isu kemanusiaan-masih menjadi tren utama dalam dinamika organisasi transnasional. Selain itu, pemanfaatan media sosial dinilai cukup menentukan perkembangan dan kemajuan dari sebuah jaringan advokasi transnasional. AbstractThe research explores how the role of Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) Indonesia and Global Qurban as one of its flagship programs at the global level. ACT is a professional non-profit organization that focuses on humanitarian work due to natural disasters and humanitarian conflicts. ACT's working area on a global scale begins with gait in every humanitarian tragedy in various parts of the world such as natural disasters, hunger and drought, conflict and war, including the suppression of minority groups of various countries. This study applies qualitative approach. This type of research is classified into Phenomenological research which seeks meaning from a social reality from a human point of view within it-Aksi Cepat Tanggap. This study applies six conceptual approaches on exploring the research
This article aims to understand and explain the local context of state’s defense toward non-military threats in Indonesia. As the broading and deepening development of security significance, non-traditional security agenda urges multi-levels and multi-sectors synergy especially in the local government because the nature of non-military threats in Indonesia developed at the local level. First, authors review numbers of literatures about non-traditional security, non-military threats and the securitization theory. Second, the article elaborates the strategic environment—global, regional, and national—and threats perception from the perspective of Indonesia’s defense posture. After that, the article explains securitization aspects of multi-level and multi-sectors synergy on facing the non-military threats at the local level. The result of this research is the synergy of national development, regional development and national defense development needs to be synchronized with the support of clear regulations, considering the available resources to achieve real community welfare, both in terms of income, employment opportunities, business opportunities, access to policy making, competitiveness, and an increase in the human development index. The strategic relations between stakeholders in the synergy of national defense development is essential to achieve formidable defense. Policy socialization between vertical agencies of ministries/institutions and regional governments needs to be optimized and intensified so that there will be a common perception in the management and implementation of national defense development on dealing with non-military threats.
This article discusses Indonesia’s orientation in the North Natuna Sea in the constructivism. The article aims to look at the change of Indonesia's orientation towards the positioning of North Natuna waters following China’s claims as the part of its territories. Indonesia’s orientation used to be for economic development activities. However, Indonesia then swifted such orientation to defense and security. The article applied the constructivist theory of Alexander Went. The article applied the qualitative approach whose data collection was through literature study.
This research will examine the double standards of US foreign policy against the coup in Egypt in 2013, given that the US intervention against the Middle East region is very dominant. Attention and the US response be different in response to the case of the coup in Egypt. US seemed to not make this case as a priority despite the coup led to the violation of human rights and democracy. The response shown by the US is very different compared to the US intervention against Iraq and Libya are rated US itself as defending human rights and democracy in the region. The purpose of this research is to find out why the US double standards in its foreign policy related to the Egyptian coup. Data will be explored through literature method (library research). Overall the data will be correlated with foreign political theory of rational actor models that can explain the reason for choosing the attitude of the US double standard in a coup in Egypt in 2013 based on the selection and cost-benefit considerations on the measures taken. The results of this paper indicate that the indication of the double standards shown by the US to Egypt coup influenced by the victory of the Muslim Brotherhood (IM) as a political Islam that could interfere with the stability and US interests in the Middle East. Some of the options and the consequences have been considered by the US in response to the case, including participating ignoring their violations of democracy and human rights in the case even though it was contrary to the foundations and principles of US foreign policy. Another indication that support multiple standards is the response of US allies in the Middle East, such as Israel, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates who consider IM as a threat to the stability and the Middle East region. Keywords: US double standards, US foreign policy, coup Egypt, political Islam, Muslim Brotherhood Penelitian ini akan mengkaji standar ganda politik luar negeri Amerika Serikat terhadap kudeta di Mesir tahun 2013, mengingat bahwa intervensi AS terhadap kawasan Timur Tengah sangat dominan. Perhatian dan respon AS terlihat berbeda dalam menanggapi kasus kudeta di Mesir. AS seolah tidak membuat kasus ini sebagai prioritas walaupun kudeta tersebut berujung pada pelanggaran HAM dan demokrasi. Respon yang diperlihatkan oleh AS sangat berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan intervensi AS terhadap Irak dan Libya yang dinilai AS sendiri sebagai upaya penegakan HAM dan demokrasi di kawasan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mencari tahu mengapa AS bersikap standar ganda dalam politik luar negerinya terkait dengan kudeta Mesir. Data akan ditelaah melalui metode kepustakaan. Keseluruhan data akan dikorelasikan dengan teori politik luar negeri model aktor rasional yang dapat memaparkan alasan AS untuk memilih sikap standar ganda dalam kudeta Mesir 2013 berdasarkan pemilihan dan pertimbangan untung-rugi atas tindakan yang telah diambil. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indikasi standar ganda yang diperlihatkan oleh AS terhadap kudeta Mesir dipengaruhi oleh kemenangan Ikhwanul Muslimin (IM) sebagai political Islam yang dapat mengganggu stabilitas dan kepentingan AS di Timur Tengah. Beberapa pilihan dan konsekuensi telah dipertimbangkan oleh AS dalam merespon kasus ini, termasuk ikut mengabaikan adanya pelanggaran demokrasi dan HAM dalam kasus tersebut walaupun hal tersebut bertentangan dengan landasan dan prinsip politik luar negeri AS. Indikasi lain yang mendukung standar ganda ialah respon sekutu AS di Timur Tengah, seperti: Israel, Arab Saudi, dan Uni Emirat Arab yang menganggap IM sebagai ancaman bagi stabilitas dan kawasan Timur Tengah. Kata kunci: standar ganda AS, politik luar negeri AS, kudeta Mesir, politik Islam, Ikhwanul Muslimin
Penelitian ini menelaah keterlibatan Walhi dalam politik lingkungan hidup terhadap kasus kabut asap di Riau dengan menggunakan sudut pandang Walhi sebagai organisasi non-pemerintah (NGO) yang banyak memberikan pengaruh dalam proses pengambilan kebijakan oleh pemerintah terhadap isu-isu lingkungan, khususnya di Riau pada saat bencana kabut asap. Ada upaya penggunaan relasi kekuasaan oleh Walhi sebagai organisasi non-pemerintah (NGO) melalui konsep kesempatan politik (political opportunity) dalam mengangkat isu bencana kabut asap di Riau sehingga menjadi isu lingkungan dalam lingkup internasional. Strategi advokasi transnasional (transnational advocacy) digunakan oleh Walhi Riau untuk memperlihatkan garis relasi kekuasaannya sebagai organisasi non-pemerintah (NGO) untuk memengaruhi kebijakan pemerintah daerah provinsi Riau terkait bencana kabut asap. Mulai dari strategi (1) information politics, yaitu kemampuan dalam menghasilkan informasi dan mengarahkan dampak yang akan terjadi dari informasi yang didapat. (2) symbolic politics, yakni kemampuan dalam menyerukan simbol maupun aksi yang dapat memunculkan opini publik dan framing serta konstruksi suatu isu, (3) leverage politics, merupakan kemampuan dalam memengaruhi situasi tertentu pada saat salah satu pihak tidak mampu memberikan pengaruh, dan (4) accountability politics, adalah usaha dalam mempertahankan aktor yang berkuasa agar tetap memegang kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan.
This paper aims to describe Indonesia's border security policy in the Natuna Islands between 2014 and 2020. The state used to play an active role in moderating tensions in the South China Sea, yet paid less attention to its own security while the Natuna was one of the vulnerable borderlines. The rise of domestic interest orientation in the new presidency of Joko Widodo brought about the importance of border security. The research applied the qualitive method with a descriptive analysis. In order to understand the border security policy in the Natuna, the research applied Wendtian constructivist approach suggesting the role of identity and institution to analyze the state's behavior and policy in international politics. The research found that Indonesia increased military and defense capability as the form of its border security policy in the Natuna made up by deploying troops and military equipment, building defense infrastructure, and strengthening constabulary function and boarding patrols. Such border security policy portrays Indonesia's rising awareness as a maritime state amid the perceived regional structure of East Asia.
<p>The issue of human rights is a problem of great concern in the European Union. Previous alliances faced problems related to human rights in the areas of geopolitics and geo-economics. The ECHR (European Convention of Human Rights) is present as a regime carrying out human rights values that were previously influenced by COE (The Convention of Europe) in the European Union. The development of the ECHR as a human rights regime in the European Union is very dependent on the conditions of the EU member states themselves, which were previously fragmented into fascist and communism systems and must be transformed into democratic liberals. Data in this research will be explored through literature method (library research). The process of developing the ECHR as a human rights regime should be analyzed through an international regime approach using the theory of regime-interplay which will examine the ECHR process as one of the influential human rights regimes in the European Union.</p><p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia Abstract</strong>: Isu Hak Asasi Manusia adalah masalah yang sangat diperhatikan di Uni Eropa. Aliansi negara-negara Eropa sebelumnya menghadapi masalah yang berkaitan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia yang dihubungkan dengan aspek geo-politik dan geo-ekonomi di kawasan tersebut. ECHR (Konvensi Eropa tentang Hak Asasi Manusia) hadir sebagai rezim yang menjalankan nilai-nilai HAM yang sebelumnya dipengaruhi oleh COE (Konvensi Eropa) di Uni Eropa. Perkembangan ECHR sebagai rezim hak asasi manusia di Uni Eropa sangat tergantung pada kondisi negara-negara anggota UE sendiri, yang sebelumnya terfragmentasi menjadi sistem fasisme dan komunisme, dan harus ditransformasikan menjadi sistem liberal. Data dalam penelitian ini akan dianalisa melalui metode literatur (studi pustaka). Proses pengembangan ECHR sebagai rezim Hak Asasi Manusia dianalisis melalui pendekatan rezim internasional menggunakan teori <em>regime-interplay</em> yang akan menelaah proses ECHR sebagai salah satu rezim HAM yang berpengaruh di Uni Eropa.</p>
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