Caracterización morfoagronómica de genotipos de piña en un suelo de terraza alta de Villavicencio 153 ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE Caracterización morfoagronómica de genotipos de piña (Ananas spp.) en un suelo de terraza alta de Villavicencio Morphoagronomic characterisation of pineapple (Ananas spp.) genotypes in high-terrace soil near Villavicencio Caracterização morfoagronômica de genótipos de abacaxi (Ananas spp.) em um solo de planalto de Villavicencio.
The soil microbiota is a biological indicator. The impact of four different land use patterns: Secondary forest (T1), rice monoculture (T2), pineapple monoculture (T3) and agroforestry system of Theobroma cacao associated with Acacia mangium (T4) at different distances: 0-10 cm (D1), 10-20 cm (D2), 20-30 cm (D3), 30 40 cm (D4) and 40-50 cm (D5) on counts of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) of fungi, bacteria, actinobacteria were tested in an Oxisol of Villavicencio, Orinoquia, East Colombia. An unrestricted random design was applied. More number of CFUs of soil bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria were recorded in secondary forest (T1) at all the distances from the root surface when compared to the other treatments. However, a similar trend was observed for counts of CFUs of soil fungi and bacteria in secondary forest (T1) at (D4) and (D5) distances from the root surface compared with agroforestry system (T4) at all distances from the root surface (P≤0.05). Meanwhile that there was similarity in number of CFUs of soil actinobacteria between secondary forest (T1) and agroforestry system (T4) at all the distances (P≥0.05). The least count of CFUs of soil microbiota was recorded in pineapple monoculture (T3) at all the distances from the root surface (P≤0.05).
In order to improve the sustainability of livestock systems at Cumaral, Meta, under tropical conditions of Colombia, implementation of different Brachiaria decumbens production technologies can be beneficial for a better soil fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two pastures type (Factor A): (a) Brachiaria decumbens grass (B1) and Brachiaria decumbens grass associated with kudzu Pueraria phaseloides legume (B2); (b) Factor B: Four lime (CaCO3) doses: L0 = 0 tons ha -1 , L1 = 1.1 tons ha -1 , L2 = 2.2 tons ha -1 and L3 = 3.3 tons ha -1 ; and (c) Factor C: three N, P, K fertilizers sources: 100 kg ha -1 Urea, 200 kg ha -1 triple superphosphate (TSP) and 100 kg ha -1 potassium chloride (PCl) on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soil chemical properties (SCP). Cluster analysis showed that B2*L3, L2*Urea, TSP, PCl increased the number of AMF spores per g soil and improved soil chemical properties (SCP), as B1*L3*Urea, TSP, PCl, in cluster 1, higher lime doses were the most influential factor, indistinctly pasture type, as N, P, K fertilizer sources showed low effect in cluster conformation. Farmers in the area can implement these B. decumbens technological practices that help improve the sustainability of livestock systems at tropical zones. HIGHLIGHTS Brachiaria decumbens pasture associated with kudzu Pueraria phaseloides legume represents an alternative for higher arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Higher lime doses presented high rates of AMF and improved soil chemical properties (SCP). Higher lime doses were the most influential technological factor than the type of pasture and the N, P, K fertilizer sources on AMF.2 Silva Parra, A.; et al.
Los métodos clásicos de mejoramiento han estrechado la base genética del arroz. La selección recurrente (SR) permite el mejoramiento de una población, mediante la pirámidación de alelos favorables de diversos donantes y de origen genético diverso. Ha sido usada en Colombia por CIAT/CIRAD, para el desarrollo y el mejoramiento del acervo genético del arroz Oryza sativa L., tipo Japonica Tropical de secano en sabanas ácidas. Se evaluaron en bloques completos al azar, con tres repeticiones, 50 líneas avanzadas junto con el testigo comercial Corpoica Llanura 11. Se observó diferencia significativa entre líneas de arroz para las variables dependientes rendimiento de grano, días a floración, vigor e incidencia de Pyricularia en hojas y cuello, así como manchado de grano. Las líneas 39 y 37, de la población PCT-11, presentaron los mayores rendimientos, con 6,471 y 6,192kg ha-1, respectivamente, diferentes significativamente del testigo y de nueve líneas de ciclo tardío de la población PCT-4, que presentaron rendimientos muy bajos. Especialmente, la línea 39, mostró menor incidencia del hongo Pyricularia en hojas, que el testigo comercial Corpoica Llanura 11. Los presentes resultados muestran la utilidad de la SR en arroz de sabanas, para generar líneas superiores en rendimiento, en resistencia a enfermedades, en adaptación a las sabanas ácidas y el potencial para contribuir a la diversificación de su base genética.
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