Background: Heart disease in pregnancy is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. However, the characteristics of the disease vary between countries and regions. This study aimed to present the characteristics of pregnant women with heart disease in an economically advantageous region of a developing country.Design and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Weekly Report of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department to assess pregnant women with heart disease characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. A total sample of 69 pregnant women with heart disease regarding their gestational age was included in the study. Variables observed were maternal characteristics, heart disease's clinical parameters, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Chi-square test was used to examine the different characteristics of congenital and acquired heart disease groups.Results: The prevalence of cardiac disease in pregnancy was 5.19%. Fifty-three point six percent of pregnant women with heart disease were suffered from congenital heart disease (CHD), while 46.4% were acquired heart disease (AHD). Most labor methods were Cesarean delivery, and 69.6% of women experienced cardiac complications. Maternal death was reported in 8.69% of cases. Four cases were CHD complicated by pulmonary hypertension, which leads to Eisenmenger syndrome. Two other cases were AHD complicated by Peripartum Cardiomyopathies. Although statistically insignificant, complications are more common in the AHD group than CHD.Conclusion: Cardiac disease prevalence in pregnancy is considered high, with CHD as the most common case, which significantly differs from other developing countries.
COVID-19 is a pandemic that has spread in various countries. The health care system in hospitals is burdened with widespread infections and health problems. In addition, educational aspects, especially obstetrics and gynecology education, have problems in clinical practice. This study reviews the role of the learning media in supporting the competence of resident doctors in specialist education for obstetrics and gynecology. Narrative review is done by reviewing some literature that explores the use of media in supporting medical education competencies. The search was performed using MeSH keywords in the PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases. The literature used is research conducted in the last 5 years. The collected data is then arranged in a narrative manner. The challenges experienced in medical resident education, especially the focus on obstetrics and gynecology during the COVID-19 pandemic, have become a consideration for the need for innovative media so that learning can run as usual. All aspects need to ensure quality education for resident doctors because they will continue to provide health services in the future. Keywords: Maternal health, COVID-19, Media, Obstetrics and gynecology
Background: Brain growth requires genetic potential for a conducive environment, low stress levels, stimulation and nutrition. Brain development during the fetal period in the two years of life firstly requires proper stimulation to increase intelligence. Classical music stimulation has been proven to be able to optimally improve brain function and human intellect. Other music that Indonesian people like is pop and religion. Maybe it is possible to pop and religious music can affect the development and growth of the fetal brain. Objective: Analyze the differences of the index of apoptosis Cerebrum and Cerebellum Rattus norvegicus newborn between those stimulated by Mozart, pop, religious music and not stimulated by music during pregnancy. Method: This study was post test only control group design. groups were randomly divided according to the treatment as stimulation of Mozart, pop, religious music and no music was given from the 10th day-gestation with an intensity of 65 dB in a soundproof box for one hour. When 19th day-gestation, Rattus norvegicus mothers were sacrificed then 3 Rattus norvegicus newborn from each mothers were selected and brain was taken to be made immunohistochemical preparations and counted the number of neuron cells apoptosis index. data were analyzed by comparison test with p <0.05. Results: There was a significant difference in the cerebrum neuron apoptosis index newborn between groups p = 0.001 but there was no difference between without exposure and pop music groups p = 0.063 (the lowest mean was the mozart group 2.40 IRS) and there was also difference in the apoptosis index in the cerebellum p = 0,000 but there was no difference between pop music and without exposure group p = 0.151 (the lowest mean was the mozart group 2.34 IRS) Conclusion: Mozart gives a lower apoptotic index than pop music, religion and without exposure music group. Keywords: neuron apoptosis index; mozart mucic; pop music; religion music ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Tumbuh kembang otak membutuhkan potensi genetik lingkungan yang kondusif, tingkat stres yang rendah, stimulasi dan nutrisi. Perkembangan otak selama periode janin dan dua tahun pertama kehidupan memerlukan stimulasi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan. Stimulasi musik klasik terbukti dapat meningkatkan fungsi otak dan intelektual manusia secara optimal. Musik lain yang suka didengarkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia adalah pop dan religi. Kemungkinan musik pop dan religi juga dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan dan pertumbuhan otak janin. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan indeks apoptosis Cerebrum dan Cerebellum Rattus norvegicus baru lahir antara yang di stimulasi musik Mozart, pop, religi dan tidak di stimulasi musik selama kebuntingan. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah post test only control grup design. kelompok dibagi secara acak disesuaikan dengan perlakuan yaitu pemberian musik Mozart, pop, religi dan tidak diberikan musik sejak hari ke-10 kebuntingan dengan intensitas 65 dB dalam kotak kedap suara selama satu jam. Kehamilan hari ke 19 tikus bunting dikorbankan, anak tikus dipilih 3 ekor tiapinduk diambil otaknya, dibuat sediaan imunohistokimia dan dihitung jumlah sel neuron yang mengalami apoptosis. Hasil dianalisis uji perbandingan dengan komparasi p<0,05. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna indeks apoptosis cerebrum Rattus norvegicus baru lahir antar kelompok p=0,001 namun tidak ada perbedaan kelompok tanpa paparan dengan musik pop p=0,063 (mean terendah adalah kelompok mozart 2,40 IRS) dan terdapat perbedaan indeks apoptosis di cerebellum dengan nilai p=0,000 namun tidak ada perbedaan kelompok tanpa paparan dengan musik pop p=0,151 (mean terendah adalah kelompok mozart 2,34 IRS) Kesimpulan : Mozart memberikan hasil indeks apoptosis lebih rendah dari musik pop, religi dan tanpa pemberian musik. Kata kunci: Indeks apoptosis; musikmozart; musik pop; musik religi
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