Outbreaks of hepatitis A have occurred in some cities in Indonesia. In Surabaya, the capital city of East Java province, Indonesia, hepatitis A outbreaks have been reported since2013, with a marked increase in the number of cases in 2015. The aim of the present study was to analyze the genetic and serology of acute symptomatic cases (early infection) during a hepatitis A outbreak and asymptomatic cases after the outbreak in two junior high schools in Surabaya in 2015 to 2016. Students with acute symptomatic hepatitis A during the outbreak and other students who were asymptomatic 3 to 4 months after the outbreak were enrolled. Asymptomatic students had no symptoms from the outbreak until they were enrolled. Sera were collected to identify anti‐hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM (by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) and HAV genetic variations/genotypes (using polymerase chain reaction [PCR]‐sequencing and phylogenetic analysis). A total of 33 (97.1%) out of 34 sera of students with acute symptoms were positive for anti‐HAV IgM and 18% of them were positive by PCR, identified as HAV subgenotype IA. No prominent amino acid variations were observed from reported HAV sequences from Indonesia. Among 38 sera of asymptomatic students, most (55.3%) were positive for anti‐HAV IgM, while none were positive by PCR. In conclusion, HAV‐IA was the only subgenotype identified in acute symptomatic cases during the outbreak. The percentage of HAV‐specific IgM‐positive cases was very high among acute symptomatic students, but that was also high among asymptomatic students, which might contribute as the important source of infection during the outbreak.

Stunting is the height according to age below -2 the median standard of the child's growth curve due to chronic malnutrition problems since the first 1,000 days of a child's life. One of the risks of stunting in children is the lack of nutritional intake during pregnancy. This study aims to identify factors related to the preventive behavior of stunting children during pregnancy. This study used a cross-sectional design. Samples in the study were 74 first-trimester pregnant women in the work area of Grujugan, Tenggarang, and Maesan health centers in Bondowoso Regency obtained using simple random sampling. The results of the analysis had a family support relationship (p-value 0.057), environmental support (p-value 0.010) but there is no relationship between stunting prevention behavior with age (p-value 0.361), education (p-value 0.230) and income (p-value 0.240). Recommendations from this study for health workers provide health education to pregnant women and families to provide an understanding of the prevention of stunting from early pregnancy. Keywords: Behavior; Prevention; stunting; pregnant women ABSTRAK Stunting merupakan tinggi badan menurut usia di bawah -2 standar median kurva pertumbuhan anak disebabkan masalah kurang gizi kronis sejak 1.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan anak. Salah satu resiko terjadinya stunting pada anak adalah kurang asupan gizi pada masa ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencegahan anak stunting pada saat ibu hamil. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian sebanyak 74 ibu hamil trimester 1 diwilayah kerja puskesmas Grujugan, Tenggarang, dan Maesan Kabupaten Bondowoso yang diperoleh menggunakan simple random sampling. Hasil analisis ada hubungan dukungan keluarga (p-value 0,057), dukungan lingkungan (p-value 0,010) namun tidak ada hubungan antara perilaku pencegahan stunting dengan usia (p-value 0,361), pendidikan (p-value 0,230) dan pendapatan (p-value 0,240). Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini bagi tenaga kesehatan memberikan pendidikan kesehatan pada ibu hamil dan keluarga untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang pencegahan stunting sejak usia kehamilan dini Kata kunci: Perilaku, Pencegahan, stunting, ibu hamil

ABSTRAK Skrining perkembangan penting dilakukan agar kasus keterlambatan perkembangan anak bisa dideteksi dan ditangani sedini mungkin. Program skrining perkembangan di Puskesmas selama ini dilakukan terintegrasi dengan kegiatan skrining pertumbuhan dalam program SDIDTK (Stimulasi, Deteksi, dan Intervensi Dini Tumbuh Kembang

Introduction: Medical students are more susceptible to anxiety than non-medical students. This study aimed to describe the anxiety level and its risk factors among the first, third, and fifth year medical students in Universitas Airlangga.Methods: We conducted cross-sectional study involving 195 medical students by consecutive sampling. The inclusion criteria in this study were all first, third, and fifth year medical students who were willing to participate in the study. The data was recorded using questionnaire of anxiety risk factors, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, and Miller and Smith Stress Vulnerability Scale. All data then was processed and analyzed descriptively.Results: From 195 students, 57 male (29.2%) and 138 female (70.8%) students participated, consisted of 63 first year, 68 third year, and 64 fifth year students. Anxiety mostly occurred in fifth year students (20.3%), followed by first year students (19%), and third year students (11.8%). Anxiety mostly occured in male (24.6%), at the age of 17 (33.3%), susceptible to stress (75%), dissatisfied with physical condition (29.2%), had chronic diseases (26.4%), on middle birth order (34.6%), had frequent conflict with parents in almost every month (50%), lived in dorm (20%), had no close friends (33.3%), perceived that health was not important (100%), orphaned (18.8%), low parental income (35%), overburdened with examination (26.3%), and dissatisfied with the examination criteria (26.5%).Conclusion: Fifth year medical students had the highest frequency of anxiety, while third year students had the lowest frequency. Nevertheless, based on the age, anxiety mostly occurred at the age of 17. These conditions were caused by some risk factors.

Introduction. Dating behavior becomes one of risky behavior in adolescence.  The research purpose was to analyze the correlation between smartphone usage and parents role with risky adolescent dating behaviour. Methods. The research design was observational analytic with cross sectional approach. This research was conducted in January 2018. The population was the entire students of class X and XI in Jember X Senior High School. As many as 150 respondents taken with simple random sampling. The independent variables were information seeking, entertainment seeking, use of problematic smartphone, and parents role. The dependent variable was adolescent dating behaviour. Data collection used questionnaire. The data results were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression (α = 0,05). Results. The research results showed that adolescents with information seeking 5-6 times/day (OR = 7,010; 95% CI = 2,072 - 23,710) and information seeking 2-4 times/day (OR = 4,853; 95% CI = 2,013 - 11,696) tend to have risky dating behavior than adolescents with information seeking > 6 times/day. Adolescents with entertainment seeking > 6 times/day (OR=2,497; 95% CI=1,007-6,190) tend to have risky dating behavior compared to adolescents with entertainment seeking ≤ 4 times/day. Adolescents with poor parent role (OR=2,913; 95% CI=1,294 - 6,554) tend to have risky dating behavior compared to adolescents with good parent role. Conclusion. Wise smartphone usage should be done by adolescent. Parents should be able to open discussion about sexual health and monitor smartphone usage in adolescent. School nurses should be able to provide education related to wise smartphone usage to adolescent.

Introduction :Cataract is a cloudiness in the fibers or lens material inside the lens capsule. If the cataract was not treated immediately, the patient might experience blindness. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the level of knowledge about cataract, education, and socioeconomic status with preoperative visual acuity in patients with senile cataract in hospital PHC Surabaya. Methods : This study was observational analytic with sampling through accidental sampling. The sample of the study was senile cataract patients preoperatively on August 24 th to 27 th September 2016. The variables of the study was the level of knowledge about cataract, education level, socioeconomic status, and preoperative visual acuity. Data analysis used Spearman correlation test. Results : Results obtained preoperatively senile cataract patients was highest in the age group 60-64 years (28%) and the lowest in the age group 75-79 years (6%). By gender, patients of senile cataract was highest in the group of male (52%) than female (48%). There was a significant correlation between the level of knowledge about cataract (p = 0.008) and level of education (p=0,006) with preoperative visual acuity in patients with senile cataract. There was no correlation between socioeconomic status with preoperative visual acuity in patients with senile cataract (p = 0.124). Conclusion : The results showed that the factors affecting patients in seeking treatment of cataract was the level of knowledge about cataract and level of education. Patients with a good level of knowledge and good education were expected to recognize the symptoms of cataracts immediately and could search for cataract treatment to prevent blindness.

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Obesity, especially central obesity is often associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a disease of the number six cause of death in Indonesia with the proportion of deaths by 5.8%. The purpose of this study was to identify central obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Poly Endocrine Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. The study design was descriptive study. The sample was 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients taken with purposive sampling technique. The variable was central obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The data obtained by interviewing patients and performing measurements on body weight, height and waist circumference. Data were analyzed by interpreting how the description of the variables studied and compared with other studies and theories. The results was the characteristics of patients most were female (66%), level of education was medium, unemployment, most of patient’s age was more than 50 years old, 43% for interval 51-60 years old, 43% were 1,50-1,59 meters in height and 28% were 50-59 kilograms and 28% were 60-69 kilograms in weight. According to Body Mass Index (BMI) measure that 54% the patients are normal in average 25,56 8,12 kg/m2. Measurement of waist circumference showed that 73.5% male and 81.8% female patients had central obesity. The conclusions, precentage of patients with type II diabetes mellitus who have central obesity were 81,82% female and 73, 53% male.