In the USA, very little data is available on UITUD. Maternal characteristics and perinatal outcome of 70 ULRTD from Oct.'76 to Nov.'77 were identified. All mothers of UITUD were admitted to Lincoln Hospital within 4 hrs. of delivery. During the same period, there were a total of 3,703 in-hospital deliveries (HD), giving an UWD incidence of 18.5 per 1,000 HD. The main features of lRRiD consist of: 1)59% Black (23% HD); 2)37% more than 24 yrs old (28% HD); 3)17% with parity more than 3 (12% HD); 4)77% on public assistance (43% HD); 5)89%, education below high school (76% HD); 6)58% no prenatal care (19% HD) ; 7)67% broken families (57% HD) ; and 8113% drug-addicted (4% HD) . Low-birth-weight rate (no.f2,500 @/1,000 livebirth), perinatal mortality rate (no. per 1,000 deliveries) and neonatal mortality rate (no./1,000 livebirtt.) associated with UITUD are compared with those of HD as below:Total Number Total radiation exposure of newborns in intensive care has no been directly evaluated previously. Reusable calcium and lithium fluoride crystals with a sensitivity of one mRem and an accuracy of flOX were used for direct measurement of the radiation exposure of 133 consecutive infants. TWO calibrated crystals were placed in the x-ray field during all radiographic procedures. Technical data including number and type of radiographs were recorded and subsequently correlated with exposure measurements. The average technique was 60 and 65 KVP at 1 MAS for chest and abdominal films, respectively. Chest radiographs gave an average skin exposure of 7.3 mRem (range 2.0-15 mRem); the maximum abdom inal exposure was 16 mRem per examination. During these patients intensive care stay, 14% received a total skin exposure of >lo0 mRem. The highest recorded was 286 mRem in a child who underwent cardiac catheterization. Precise body measurements of each patient permitted a calculation of potential gonadal exposure due to abdominal radiographs. The average per film was 4.4 mRem for male and 2.2 mRem for female infants. If gonad shields had not been used, 29% of the babies would have received >l5 mRem and 56: >10 mRem total gonadal exposure. Infants adjacent to babies being radiographed received negligible scatter radiation. This tudy describes a novel techni ue for newborns which permits 'ensitive monitorin of accumuqative radiation e e useful in establyshing radiation limits for i % % i : ! and mayThe value of maternal blood pressure during pregnancy (MBP) f the mother's systolic blood pressure (MSBP). Osmolality of oral glucose-electrolyte solutions may be reduced without altering caloric content if glucose oligosaccharides (GOS) are substituted for glucose. To evaluate the effect of glucose vs GOS on gastric emptying in newborns, GOS were substituted for glucose in a 400 mosm glucose solution to reduce os molality to 200 or 300 mosm. To assess the effect of osmolality alone on gastric emptying, a 200 mosm glucose solution was increased to 300 or 400 mosm by adding the nonmetabolized pentose xylose. Effect of glucose concentration alo...
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