Abstract. Widayanti R, Nugroho HA, Megarani DV, Widiasih DA, Pakpahan S. 2021. Revealing Spanish mackerel’s diversity in Indonesian through local commodities in the fish market. Biodiversitas 23: 624-630. The objective of this study was to explore the diversity of Spanish mackerel in Indonesian Archipelago based on commodities offered in local fish markets. Eighteen specimens were collected from six different fish markets around the Indonesian archipelago. According to Wallace Line, the cytochrome B sequence was used as a genetic marker to reveal diversity from West Indonesia to East Indonesia. Gene amplification was performed using the polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger sequencing. Based on DNA sequence analysis, we identified three species of Spanish Mackerel available at various fish markets around the region. The first group is related to Scomberomorus commerson, which was sold in both Western and Eastern Indonesian fish markets; the second group is related to Scomberomorus semifasciatus, which was sold in Eastern Indonesian fish markets; and the third group is related to Scomberomorus koreanus, which was sold in Western Indonesian fish markets. The genetic differences amongst Spanish Mackerel populations ranged from 0 to 17% and the average evolutionary divergence in the overall populations was determined to be 4%. The data collected can be utilized to initiate map mackerel diversity based on CYT B sequence throughout the Indonesian Archipelago, as well as for further study and application in the identification of foods produced from mackerel.
Abstract. Widiyanti R, Nugroho HA, Megarani DV, Widiasih DA, Pakpahan S. 2023. Multiplex PCR detection of mackerel-based food adulteration with pleco and chicken in selected areas around Ciliwung River, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1538-1543. Detecting fish product adulteration is crucial to ensure food safety since pleco meat was already reported to carry several heavy metals that might harm human health. Pleco is invasive species in the Ciliwung River and is commonly used as adulteration material for fish-based products. Adulteration in mackerel-based food products may alter the nutritional value and carry heavy metal contamination from the bottom-feeder fish's meat (pleco). Therefore, using the DNA barcoding technique, a molecular approach has been used to authenticate mackerel fish products (including dumplings and otak-otak). This study aimed to develop a specific multiplex PCR method for simultaneously detecting processed products from mackerel and pleco. The sample consists of 21 processed food items initially made from mackerel. The samples were taken in the selected area around the Ciliwung River. All the samples can be amplified successfully, and amplification lengths were 108, 171, and 300 bp, respectively. Analysis from various claimed mackerel products showed that five samples were positive for pleco adulteration, and 11 products contained chicken meat addition. The phylogenetic tree was constructed from selected sequences from our samples and showed that the amplicons were clustered in three clades, mackerel (Scomberomorus), pleco (Pterygoplichthys), and chicken (Gallus gallusLinnaeus, 1758). The findings of this study revealed that 23.80% (5/21) products contained pleco, and 52.38% (11/21) contained chicken meat addition. The addition of an unusual component to food composition may alter nutritional value as well as may affect food hygiene and safety.
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