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Schinus molle L. (aguaribay, aroeira-falsa, “molle”, family Anacardiaceae), a native of South America, produces an active antibacterial essential oil extracted from the leaves and fruits. This work reports a complete study of its chemical composition and determines the antibacterial activity of Schinus molle L. essential oil and its main components. The results showed that the crude extract essential oil has a potent antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, a strong/moderate effect on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and moderate/weak one on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.

ResumenSe han evaluado las características antioxidantes del aceite esencial crudo de Schinus molle L. (molle, aguaribay), y se han comparado con las fracciones del mismo aceite obtenidas por destilación al vacío. Las muestras obtenidas se analizaron mediante cromatografía GS/MS, y se les determinó la eficiencia antioxidante utilizando el método DPPH, 2,2 Diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl. La fracción más pesada contiene mayor cantidad de Terpinen-4-ol y Germacreno D, compuestos colectores de radicales libres. Por lo tanto, la fracción más pesada es la que tiene mayor poder antirradical. Palabras clave: poder antioxidante, aceite esencial, Schinus molle L., destilación al vacío Evaluation of the Antioxidant Power of Fractions of Schinus molle L. Essential Oil obtained by Vacuum Distillation AbstractThe antioxidant characteristics of the Schinus molle L (molle, aguaribay) raw essential oil were evaluated and compared with different cuts from the same oil obtained by vacuum distillation. The samples were analysed using GS/MS chromatography and the antioxidant efficiency was determined using the DPPH method, 2.2 Diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl. An analysis of the results we may conclude that the fraction is the heaviest it has greater power antiradical. The results show that the heaviest fraction contains higher concentration of Terpinen-4-ol and Germacreno D, compounds that are collectors of free radicals. Therefore, the heaviest fraction has greater antiradical power.

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ResumenSe ha determinado el poder acaricida del aceite esencial crudo de aguaribay (Schinus molle L.) y sus fracciones, en el control de la varroa (Varroa destructor), considerando su composición química. Se determinó la eficacia de los productos ensayados, para lo cual se realizaron experiencias en colmenares de abejas (Apis mellifera), midiéndose la cantidad de ácaros totales y los eliminados por el producto. Los valores de eficacia fueron: 30 ± 6 para la fracción 2 que posee mayor concentración de pinenos y 38 ± 6 para la fracción 5 de mayor concentración en terpinen-4-ol, que el aceite esencial crudo cuya eficacia es 9.2. El uso de un producto natural, cuando no se pueden aplicar productos sintéticos, mantiene baja la cantidad de varroas. El incremento en el volteo del ácaro se puede atribuir al aumento de la concentración de pinenos y a la alta concentración del terpinen-4-ol en las fracciones ensayadas. Palabras clave: varroa destructor, Schinus molle L., aceite esencial, acaricida, Apis mellifera Acaricide Effect of Raw Essential Oil from Aguaribay (Schinus Molle L.) and their Fractions in Beehives (Apis Mellifera), Regarding the Chemical Composition AbstractThe acaricides power of aguaribay (Schinus molle L.) raw essential oil and its fractions were determined. For the sanitary control of varroa (Varroa destructor), considering their chemical composition. Test in different hives of bees (Apis mellifera) were carry and the total amount of acarus and those eliminated in the product were determined. Efficiency values were 30± 6 for the fraction 2 having more pinene concentration and 38+6 for fraction 5 with highest concentration in terpine-4-ol, compared with the raw essential oil whose effectiveness is 9.2. The use of this natural product, when the synthetic ones cannot be applied, maintain lower amounts of varroa. The enhancement in the acarus death can be attributed to the increased concentration of pinene and to the high concentration of terpinen-4-ol in the fractions tested.

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