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The final quality of pre-processed coffees is influenced by the applied drying technology. Thus, the aim of the study was to develop and validate a heated air flow diffusion system to optimize and reduce the drying time of rotary dryers and improve the final quality of coffee. Computational fluid dynamics was used for the simulation of the air fluid dynamics in the combustion chamber of the heat generator. It was observed that the energy losses in the upper and lower walls of the heat generator chamber were higher with an increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient. It was found that the rate of fluid flow presented a fully developed profile, in which the higher speed value was found in the central region of the outlet. The reduction in moisture content during coffee drying was directly proportional to the increase in temperature. The Midilli model shows the best fit to describe the drying curves of the coffee. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with increasing temperature of the drying air. It was observed that the adjustments of the fluid dynamics in the burning of gas and the adaptation of the diffuser system significantly influenced the drying time and final quality of naturally processed and pulped coffees. In conclusion, the adapted technological set, a rotary dryer with gas heating and diffusion of heated air, had a high performance in the final quality of the coffee, and for this reason it is recommended to producers and the industry.

The objective of this work was to apply the phenotypic multicarter selection and predictive genetic for the attributes of the yield of common black bean seeds in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4.The experimental design was augmented blocks, where the BRS Esplendor (BE), BRS Supremo (BS) and IPR Tiziu (IT) genotypes were used as controls arranged in four replicates, the other treatments were organized in a unique way in the experiment, the F2 segregating generation being represented by 36 common black bean populations, F3 segregating generation composed of 72 families and the F4 segregating generation formed by 44 families. The multicarter phenotypic index provided the simultaneous selection for the number and mass of seeds per plant, independent of the segregating generation of common black bean.Multicarter genetic variation is superior for the F3 segregating generation, with pronounced environmental effects on the F4 generation.The F4 segregating families express superiority to the genetic gain and magnitude of superior genotypes in relation to the commercial controls, where high genetic increase is exposed between the F3 to F4selection.The use of the phenotypic index expresses applicability to the selection of common black bean genotypes to increase seed yield.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is considered one of the most important cereals, such as maize, rice and wheat, due to its multiplicity of usage, as much for human consumption as for feed. The Nitrogen is one of the main nutrients that influences the quality and productivity of barley seeds because it participates in numerous metabolic routes. It is a limiting factor of the production, the lack or the excess can bring consequence to the culture. In this manner, the present study aims to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen doses on the physiologic quality and biochemical characters of brewing barley seeds produced in two growing environments. The experiment was conducted in the 2017 crop season, in a randomized block design, organized in a factorial scheme, being 2 cultivation environment × 2 brewing barley cultivars × 4 nitrogen doses, disposed in four replicates. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by germination, first counting of germination, accelerated aging, field emergence, shoot and root length, dry mass of shoot and root of seedlings, electrical conductivity (3, 6 and 24 hours) and isoenzymes. The growing environment promotes differences in the barley seeds physiologic quality. The nitrogen fertilizing, at dose of 120 kg ha-1, results in superiority in the physiologic quality of seeds. The cultivar BRS Cauê in both environments presented higher vigor. The nitrogen fertilizing alters the isoenzymatic expression of barley seedlings, creating variation in the bands intensity, at different nitrogen doses.

We evaluated correlations between yield, meteorological and bromatological characters in five genotypes of dual-purpose wheat submitted to different cutting management systems. The experiments were carried out in 2014 and 2015. The experimental design was a randomized block, organized in a factorial scheme, with five genotypes of dual purpose wheat (BRS Tarumã, BRS Umbu, BRS Figueira, BRS Guatambu and BRS 277), three cutting managements (one, two and three cuts), with three replicates. The data of each cut management were submitted to linear correlation analysis, canonical correlations and stepwise predictions . We conclude that yield and bromatological components of the forage are closely related to the meteorological attributes and cut management. Neutral and acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, mineral matter and total carbohydrates are influenced by maximum and minimum air temperature, as well as by incident solar radiation. The canonical interrelationships and the predictive models developed for the morphological, bromatological and grain yield attributes are specifically dependent on cut management in dual purpose wheat. ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (2): gmr18302 F.L. da Silva et al. 2

INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS DE FERTILIZANTES SÓLIDOS SOBRE A TAXA DE APLICAÇÃO EM DOSADOR HELICOIDAL   RAFAEL SOBROZA BECKER1; AIRTON DOS SANTOS ALONÇO2; TIAGO RODRIGO FRANCETTO3; WAGNER ALEXANDRE SILVEIRA DA CRUZ4 E HENRIQUE EGUILHOR RODRIGUES5   Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e-mails:1rafaelsobrozabecker@gmail.com, 2airtonalonco@gmail.com, 3tiago.francetto@ufsm.br, 4wagnercasca@hotmail.com, 5henrique_eguilhor@hotmail.com.    RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência das características físicas de três tipos de fertilizantes sobre a taxa de aplicação. Os testes em bancada foram realizados com um dosador do tipo helicoidal cujo acionamento foi via motor elétrico, sendo a alteração e o controle da rotação realizados por um inversor de frequência. Os fertilizantes foram classificados como mistura granular, de grânulos e farelada, sendo determinadas algumas de suas propriedades físicas. A taxa de aplicação, g min-1, foi realizada através da mensuração da massa de produto coletada num intervalo de 30 segundos. O experimento foi executado para fins estatísticos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em um arranjo bifatorial (tipo de fertilizante e rotação de acionamento), com cinco repetições. Os resultados mostraram que ocorreu diferença estatística entre os três tipos de fertilizantes, evidenciando que, quanto maior a densidade maior será seu fluxo mássico para a mesma regulagem, com uma diferença de 55,1 % do fertilizante farelado para o granular. A taxa de aplicação média é diretamente proporcional a rotação de acionamento, podendo ser estimada através de uma equação de regressão linear. Desta maneira, conclui-se que na regulagem de distribuidores de fertilizantes, o fluxo mássico deve ser verificado quando houver qualquer alteração das características físicas dos fertilizantes utilizados.   Palavras-chave: Máquinas agrícolas, semeadora-adubadora, medição, eficiência.   INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID FERTILIZERS ON THE RATE OF APPLICATION IN HELICAL DOSING MECHANISM   ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the physical characteristics of three types of fertilizers on the application rate. The bench tests were performed with a helical dosing mechanism driven by an electric motor, with the rotation being altered and controlled by a frequency inverter. The fertilizers were classified as granular mixture, granules, and crumbled, and some of their physical properties were determined. The application rate, g min-1, was performed by measuring the mass of the collected product in an interval of 30 seconds. The experiment was performed for statistical purposes in a completely randomized design (DIC), in a bifactorial arrangement (fertilizer type and drive rotation), with five replications. The results showed that there was a statistical difference between the three types of fertilizers, evidencing that the higher the density, the higher its mass flow will be for the same regulation, with a difference of 55.1% from the crumbled fertilizer to the granular. The average application rate is directly proportional to the drive rotation and it can be estimated using a linear regression equation. Thus, it is concluded that in the regulation of fertilizer distributors, the mass flow should be verified when it occurs there is any changes in the physical characteristics of the fertilizers used.   Keywords: Agricultural machinery, row crop planter, measurement, efficiency.

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